India remains undecided on genetically engineered (GE) crops and products derived from biotechnology on legal and political challenges. Bt cotton (Bacillus thuringiensis) remains the sole biotech-derived crop for commercial cultivation. Despite regulatory clearances for environmental release of GE eggplant and mustard events, the approval remains stuck under judicial review. In May 2025, the Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare announced release of two genome-edited rice varieties developed by public sector research institutes and the varieties will be available for commercial release after working out licensing agreements with technology providers. Soybean and canola oils from select GE soybean and canola events, and some food ingredients from microbial biotechnology are approved for import.