Can GLP-1 medications help with addiction

Houston, TX - Apr 22, 2026

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GLP-1s are widely known to curb a person's appetite for food, but can they also help those who are struggling with addictions to other substances? Dr. Mandeep Bajaj, an endocrinologist at Baylor College of Medicine, explains the connection between the two.

"GLP-1 is a peptide hormone that functions to augment the secretion of insulin in response to food and suppress the counter-regulatory hormone, glucagon. It also affects stomach motility so that you get a feeling of fullness," Bajaj said. "In the human brain, GLP-1 receptor agonists give you the feeling of satiety and reduce appetite."

He says that so far, some studies suggest that GLP-1 receptor agonists have a potential role in both preventing substance use disorders and treating them. A recent study showed a 14% reduced risk of substance use disorders when taking GLP-1s in those without a history of substance use disorders.

"The same reward systems [the mesolimbic system] in the human brain that regulate food cravings when taking GLP-1receptor agonists can also regulate cravings for alcohol and other substances," Bajaj said.

Those taking GLP-1 receptor agonists for weight management or type 2 diabetes can get an additional benefit of reducing their cravings for alcohol and a reduction in smoking and tobacco use. Excessive use of alcohol could lead to complications like fatty liver disease, while smoking is associated with increased risk of limb amputations, cardiovascular disease and stroke.

"These are certainly possible benefits of GLP-1-based therapy, though further research is needed. These medications hold great promise in the prevention and treatment of substance use disorders based on the data we have," Bajaj said.