Prospectus by Investment Company (Form 497)

PART I. INFORMATION CONCERNING SECURITIES

Not applicable.

Investors who subscribe to Shares shall enter into an agreement with the Sales Handling Companies concerning transactions of foreign securities. The Sales Handling Companies shall provide to the investors a Contract Concerning a Foreign Securities Transactions Account and other prescribed contracts (collectively the "Account Contract") and the investors shall submit to the Sales Handling Companies an application requesting the opening of a transactions account under the Account Contract. The subscription amount shall be paid in yen in principal and the yen exchange rate shall be the exchange rate which shall be based on the foreign exchange rate quoted in the Tokyo Foreign Exchange Market on the Trade Day of each subscription and which shall be determined by such Sales Handling Companies.

The subscription amount shall be paid in U.S. Dollars to the account of the Principal Underwriter, by the Distributor on the Payment Date.

The accompanying bar chart and table provide some indication of the risks of investing in the Fund. The bar chart shows changes in the Fund's performance from year to year for Class M shares. The table shows the average annual total returns of Class M shares of the Fund and also compares the Fund's performance with the

average annual total returns of a broad measure of market performance. Performance for classes other than those shown may vary from the performance shown to the extent the expenses for those classes differ. The Fund makes updated performance information, including its current net asset value per share, available at www.franklintempleton.com.

The Fund's past performance (before and after taxes) is not necessarily an indication of how the Fund will perform in the future.

Sales charges are not reflected in the accompanying bar chart, and if those charges were included, returns would be less than those shown.

Annual total returns for class M shares before sales charges

Average Annual Total Returns after sales charges (for periods ended 12/31/2025)

Maximum sales charges and redemption fees (fees paid directly from an investor's investment)

The following tables describe the fees and expenses investors may pay if they buy, hold and sell shares of the Fund. Investors may pay other fees, such as brokerage commissions and other fees to financial intermediaries, which are not reflected in the tables and examples below. An investor may qualify for sales charge discounts if the investor and the investor's family invest, or agree to invest in the future, at least $100,000 in class A shares (not offered in Japan) or $50,000 in class M shares of Putnam funds.

Shareholder Fees on Purchases of Class M Shares (fees paid directly from an investor's investment)

Annual Fund Operating Expenses (expenses investors pay each year as a percentage of the value of their investment)

Additionally, the Investment Management Company has agreed to reduce its fees by an amount equal to the management fees paid by Franklin Templeton affiliated funds with respect to assets the Fund invests in such affiliated funds. These obligations may not be modified or discontinued prior to February 28, 2027 without approval of the Board of Trustees.

The following hypothetical example is intended to help investors compare the cost of investing in the Fund with the cost of investing in other funds. It assumes that an investor invests $10,000 in the Fund for the time periods indicated and then redeems all the investor's shares at the end of those periods. It assumes a 5% return on an investor's investment each year and that the Fund's operating expenses remain the same (except that any applicable fee waiver or expense reimbursement is reflected only through its expiration date). An investor's actual costs may be higher or lower.

The Fund pays transaction-related costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or "turns over" its portfolio). A higher turnover rate may indicate

higher transaction costs and may result in higher taxes when the Fund's shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in annual fund operating expenses or the above example, affect Fund performance. The Fund's turnover rate in the most recent fiscal year was 431%.

Shares are simultaneously offered in the United States of America.

PART II.   INFORMATION CONCERNING THE FUND

The Fund is a Massachusetts business trust organized on August 13, 1982 as the successor to The Putnam Income Fund, Inc., a Massachusetts corporation organized on October 13, 1954. A copy of the Fund's Amended and Restated Agreement and Declaration of Trust (the "Agreement and Declaration of Trust"), which is governed by Massachusetts law, is on file with the Secretary of The Commonwealth of Massachusetts.

The Fund is an open-end diversified management investment company under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the "1940 Act") with an unlimited number of authorized shares of beneficial interest. The Trustees of the Fund (the "Trustees") may, without shareholder approval, create two or more series of shares representing separate investment portfolios. Any series of shares may be divided without shareholder approval into two or more classes of shares having such preferences and special or relative rights and privileges as the Trustees determine. Only the Fund's class M shares are currently offered in Japan. The Fund offers other classes of shares with different sales charges and expenses in the United States of America. Because of these different sales charges and expenses, the investment performance of the classes will vary.

Each share has one vote, with fractional shares voting proportionally. Shares of all classes vote together as a single class except when otherwise required by law or as determined by the Trustees. The Trustees may take many actions affecting the Fund without shareholder approval, including under certain circumstances merging the Fund into another Putnam fund. Shares are freely transferable, are entitled to dividends as declared by the Trustees, and, if the Fund were liquidated, would receive the net assets of the Fund.

The Fund may suspend the sale of shares at any time and may refuse any order to purchase shares. Although the Fund is not required to hold annual meetings of its shareholders, shareholders holding at least 10% of the outstanding shares entitled to vote have the right to call a meeting to elect or remove Trustees, or to take other actions as provided in the Agreement and Declaration of Trust.

If an investor owns fewer shares than the minimum set by the Trustees (presently 20 shares), the Fund may redeem the investor's shares without the investor's permission and send the investor the proceeds after providing the record holder of these Fund shares with at least 60 days' notice to attain the minimum. To the extent permitted by applicable law, the Fund may also redeem shares if an investor owns more shares than a maximum amount set by the Trustees. There is presently no maximum, but the Trustees could set a maximum that would apply to both present and future investors.

The Agreement and Declaration of Trust places no limitation on the number of shares authorized.

GOAL

The Fund seeks high current income consistent with what the Investment Management Company believes to be prudent risk.

INVESTMENTS

The Fund invests mainly in bonds that are securitized debt instruments (such as mortgage-backed investments) and related derivative instruments, and other obligations of companies and governments worldwide denominated in U.S. dollars or (to a lesser extent) non-U.S. currencies, that are either investment-grade or below-investment-grade in quality (sometimes referred to as "junk bonds") and that have intermediate- to long-term maturities (three years or longer). The Fund currently has significant investment exposure to residential and commercial mortgage-backed securities. The Investment Management Company may consider, among other factors, credit, interest rate and prepayment risks, as well as general market conditions, when deciding whether to buy or sell investments. The Fund typically uses to a significant extent derivatives, including credit default swaps, interest rate swaps, total return swaps, to-be-announced ("TBA") commitments, futures, options, and swaptions, including on mortgage-backed securities and indices, and certain non-U.S. currency transactions for both hedging and non-hedging purposes including to obtain or adjust exposure to mortgage-backed investments.

RISKS

It is important to understand that investors can lose money by investing in the Fund.

Market Risk: The value of investments in the Fund's portfolio may fall or fail to rise over extended periods of time for a variety of reasons, including general economic, political or financial market conditions, investor sentiment and market perceptions, government actions, geopolitical events or changes, outbreaks of infectious illnesses or other widespread public health issues, and factors related to a specific issuer, asset class, geography, industry or sector. These and other factors may lead to increased volatility and reduced liquidity in the Fund's portfolio holdings, may negatively impact the Fund's performance, and may exacerbate other risks to which the Fund is subject.

Fixed income investments risk: The risks associated with fixed income investments include interest rate risk, which is the risk that the value of the Fund's investments is likely to fall if interest rates rise. Fixed income investments are also subject to credit risk, which is the risk that issuers of the Fund's investments may default on payment of interest or principal. Fixed income investments may be more susceptible to downgrades or defaults during economic downturns or other periods of economic stress. Interest rate risk is generally greater for longer-term bonds, and credit risk is generally greater for below-investment-grade bonds (a significant part of the Fund's investments), which can be more sensitive to changes in markets, credit conditions, and interest rates, and may be considered speculative.

Mortgage- and asset-backed investments, unlike traditional debt investments, are also subject to prepayment risk, which means that they may increase in value less than other bonds when interest rates decline and decline in value more than other bonds when interest rates rise. The Fund may have to invest the proceeds from prepaid investments, including mortgage- and asset-backed investments, in other investments with less attractive terms and yields. The Fund's investments in mortgage- and asset-backed securities, and in certain other securities and derivatives, may be or become illiquid.

Focused investment risk: The Fund currently has significant investment exposure to privately issued residential and commercial mortgage-backed securities and mortgage-backed securities issued or guaranteed by the U.S. government or its agencies or instrumentalities, which may make the Fund's net asset value more susceptible to economic, market, political and other developments affecting the residential and commercial real estate markets and the servicing of mortgage loans secured by real estate properties. During periods of difficult economic conditions, delinquencies and losses on commercial mortgage-backed investments in particular generally increase, including as a result of the effects of those conditions on commercial real estate markets, the ability of commercial tenants to make loan payments, and the ability of a property to attract and retain commercial tenants.

Derivatives risk: The Fund's use of derivatives may increase the risks of investing in the Fund by increasing investment exposure (which may be considered leverage) or, in the case of many over-the-counter instruments, because of the potential inability to terminate or sell derivative positions and the potential failure of the other party to the instrument to meet its obligations. The risk of a party failing to meet its obligations may increase if the Fund has significant exposure to that counterparty. The value of derivatives may move in unexpected ways due to unanticipated market movements, the use of leverage, imperfect correlation between the derivative instrument and the reference asset, or other factors, especially in unusual market conditions, and volatility in the value of derivatives could adversely impact the Fund's returns, obligations and exposures. Derivatives are also subject to other risks, including liquidity risk (e.g., liquidity demands arising from the requirement to make payments to a derivative counterparty), operational risk (e.g., settlement issues or system failures) and legal risk (e.g., insufficient legal documentation or contract enforceability issues).

Frequent trading risk: The Fund expects to engage in frequent trading. Funds with high turnover may be more likely to realize capital gains that must be distributed to shareholders as taxable income and may incur higher transaction costs than funds with relatively lower turnover, which may detract from performance.

Large shareholder transaction risk: The Fund is subject to the risk that shareholders will purchase or redeem large quantities of shares of the Fund (such purchases or redemptions, "large shareholder transactions"). The Fund may be an investment option for mutual funds that are managed by the Investment Management Company and its affiliates as "funds of funds." Additionally, other investors from time to time may make substantial investments in the Fund. In addition, a large number of shareholders may collectively purchase or redeem Fund shares in large amounts rapidly or unexpectedly. Large shareholder transactions may adversely affect the Fund's liquidity and net assets. These redemptions may also adversely affect the

Fund's performance if the Fund is forced to sell securities, which may also increase the Fund's brokerage costs.

Management and operational risk: There is no guarantee that the investment techniques, analyses, or judgments that the Investment Management Company applies in making investment decisions for the Fund will produce the intended outcome or that the investments the Investment Management Company selected for the Fund will perform as well as other securities that were not selected for the Fund. The Investment Management Company, or the Fund's other service providers, may experience disruptions or operating errors that could negatively impact the Fund.

The Fund may not achieve its goal, and it is not intended to be a complete investment program. An investment in the Fund is not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other government agency.

The Trustees are responsible for generally overseeing the conduct of Fund business. The Agreement and Declaration of Trust provides that they shall have all powers necessary or convenient to carry out that responsibility. The number of Trustees is fixed by the Trustees and may not be less than three. A Trustee may be elected either by the Trustees or by the shareholders. A Trustee may be removed (i) by vote of the holders of two-thirds of the outstanding shares at a meeting called for the purpose or (ii) by vote of two-thirds of the Trustees. Each Trustee elected by the Trustees or the shareholders shall serve until he or she retires, resigns, is removed, or dies or until the next meeting of shareholders called for the purpose of electing Trustees and until the election and qualification of his or her successor.

The Trustees are authorized by the Agreement and Declaration of Trust to issue shares of the Fund in one or more series, each series being preferred over all other series in respect of the assets allocated to that series within the meaning of the 1940 Act and shall represent a separate investment portfolio of the Fund. The Trustees may, without shareholder approval, divide the shares of any series into two or more classes, shares of each such class having such preferences and special or relative rights and privileges (including conversion rights, if any) as the Trustees may determine and as shall be set forth in the Bylaws. The Trustees may, without shareholder approval, from time to time divide or combine the shares of any series or class into a greater or lesser number without thereby changing the proportionate beneficial interest in the series or class. The Trustees may also, without shareholder approval, from time to time combine shares of two or more classes of any series into a single class. The Fund's shares are not currently divided into series.

Under the Agreement and Declaration of Trust the shareholders shall have power, as and to the extent provided therein, to vote only (i) for the election of Trustees, (ii) for the removal of Trustees, (iii) with respect to any advisory and/or management services, (iv) with respect to any termination of the Fund, (v) with respect to certain amendments of the Agreement and Declaration of Trust, and (vi) with respect to such additional matters relating to the Fund as may be required by the Agreement and Declaration of Trust, the Amended and Restated Bylaws of the Fund (the "Bylaws"), or any registration of the Fund with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the "SEC") (or any successor agency) or any state, or as the Trustees may consider necessary or desirable. Certain of the foregoing actions may, in addition, be taken by the Trustees without vote of the shareholders of the Fund.

On any matter submitted to a vote of shareholders, all shares of the Fund then entitled to vote shall, except as otherwise provided in the Bylaws, be voted in the aggregate as a single class without regard to series or classes of shares, except (1) when required by the 1940 Act, or when the Trustees shall have determined that the matter affects one or more series or classes of shares materially differently, shares are voted by individual series or class; and (2) when the Trustees have determined that the matter affects only the interests of one or more series or classes, only shareholders of such series or classes shall be entitled to vote thereon. There is no cumulative voting in the election of Trustees.

Meetings of shareholders of any or all series or classes may be called by the Trustees from time to time for the purpose of taking action upon any matter requiring the vote or authority of the Shareholders of such series or classes as provided in the Agreement and Declaration of Trust or upon any other matter deemed by the Trustees to be necessary or desirable, or, under certain circumstances, when requested in writing by the holder or holders of at least 10% of the then outstanding shares of all series and classes entitled to vote at the meeting. Written notice of any meeting of shareholders shall be given or caused to be given by mailing the notice at least seven days before the meeting, unless notice is waived. Thirty percent of shares entitled to vote on a particular matter is a quorum for the transaction of business on that matter at a shareholders' meeting, except that where any provision of law or of the Agreement and Declaration of Trust or the Bylaws requires that holders of any series or class vote as an individual series or class, then thirty percent of the aggregate number of shares of that series or class of shares of the Fund who are entitled to vote are necessary to constitute a quorum for the transaction of business by that series or class. For the purpose of determining the shareholders of any class or series of shares who are

entitled to vote or act at any meeting or any adjournment thereof, or who are entitled to receive payment of any dividend or other distribution, the Trustees (or their designees) are authorized to fix record dates, which may not be more than 90 days before the date of any meeting of shareholders or more than 60 days before the date of payment of any dividend or other distribution.

The Trustees are authorized by the Agreement and Declaration of Trust to adopt Bylaws not inconsistent with the Agreement and Declaration of Trust providing for the conduct of the business of the Fund. The Bylaws contemplate that the Trustees shall elect a Chair of the Trustees, the President, the Treasurer, and the Clerk of the Fund, and that other officers, if any, may be elected or appointed by the Trustees at any time. The Bylaws may be amended or repealed, in whole or in part, by a majority of the Trustees then in office.

Regular meetings of the Trustees may be held without call or notice at such places and at such times as the Trustees may from time to time determine, provided that notice of the first regular meeting following any such determination shall be given to absent Trustees. It shall be sufficient notice to a Trustee of a special meeting: (a) to send notice (i) by mail at least forty-eight hours before the meeting, (ii) by courier at least forty-eight hours before the meeting, (iii) by electronic mail (e-mail), facsimile or other electronic means at least twenty-four hours before the meeting; or (b) to give notice to him or her in person or by telephone at least twenty-four hours before the meeting.

At any meeting of the Trustees, a majority of the Trustees then in office shall constitute a quorum. Except as otherwise provided in the Agreement and Declaration of Trust or Bylaws, any action to be taken by the Trustees may be taken by a majority of the Trustees present at a meeting (a quorum being present), or by written consents of a majority of the Trustees then in office.

Subject to a favorable Majority Shareholder Vote (as defined in the Agreement and Declaration of Trust) to the extent required by applicable law, the Trustees may, at any time and from time to time, contract for exclusive or nonexclusive advisory and/or management services with any corporation, trust, association, or other organization.

The Agreement and Declaration of Trust contains provisions for the indemnification of Trustees, officers, and shareholders of the Fund under the circumstances and on the terms specified therein.

The Fund or any series or class of any series may be terminated at any time (i) by the Trustees by written notice to the Shareholders of the Fund or to the Shareholders of the particular series or class, as the case may be, or (ii) by the affirmative vote of the lesser of (1) more than 50% of the outstanding Shares of each series or class entitled to vote, or (2) 67% or more of the Shares of each series or class entitled to vote and present at a meeting called for this purpose if more than 50% of the outstanding Shares of each series or class entitled to vote are present at the meeting in person or by proxy.

The foregoing is a general summary of certain provisions of the Agreement and Declaration of Trust and Bylaws of the Fund, and is qualified in its entirety by reference to each of those documents.

The Fund was created under, and is subject to, the laws of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. The sale of the Fund's shares is subject to, among other things, the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "1933 Act"), and certain state securities laws.

The following is a broad outline of certain of the principal statutes regulating the operations of the Fund in the United States:

A copy of the Agreement and Declaration of Trust must be filed with the Secretary of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts and the Clerk of every city or town where the trust has a usual place of business. Any amendment of the Agreement and Declaration of Trust must be filed with the Secretary and the Clerk within thirty days after the adoption of such amendment.

 A trust must annually file with the Secretary of the Commonwealth on or before June 1, a report providing the name of the trust, its address, number of shares outstanding and the names and addresses of its trustees.

 Penalties may be assessed against the trust for failure to comply with certain of the provisions of Chapter 182.

 The 1940 Act, in general, requires investment companies to register as such with the SEC, and to comply with a number of substantive regulations of their operations. The 1940 Act requires an investment company, among other things, to provide periodic reports to its shareholders.

 The 1933 Act, regulates many sales of securities. The 1933 Act, among other things, imposes various registration requirements upon sellers of securities and provides for various liabilities for failures to comply with its provisions or in respect of other specified matters.

 The Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "1934 Act"), regulates a variety of matters involving, among other things, the secondary trading of securities, periodic reporting by the issuers of securities, and certain of the activities of transfer agents, brokers and dealers.

 An investment company is generally an entity subject to U.S. federal income taxation under the U.S. Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "Code"). However, under Subchapter M of the Code, an investment company will not be subject to U.S. federal income taxes on income and gains it distributes in a timely manner to shareholders in the form of dividends if it qualifies as a "regulated investment company" and meets all other necessary requirements.

 The Fund is subject to the provisions of other laws, rules, and regulations applicable to the Fund or its operations, such as various state laws regarding the sale of the Fund's shares.

In accordance with the 1940 Act, the Fund is required to send to its shareholders annual and semi-annual reports containing financial information.

The Fund has filed a registration statement with the SEC on Form N-1A; the Fund updates that registration statement annually in accordance with the 1940 Act.

When the Fund intends to offer the Shares amounting to more than a certain amount in Japan, it shall submit to the Director of Kanto Local Finance Bureau of the Ministry of Finance of Japan securities registration statements. The said documents are made available for public inspection for investors and any other persons who desire through the electronic disclosure system regarding disclosure materials such as annual securities reports, etc. pursuant to the Financial Instruments and Exchange Law (Law No. 25 of 1948, as amended) (hereinafter referred to the "Financial Instruments and Exchange Law") of Japan ("EDINET"), etc.

The Sales Handling Companies of the Shares shall deliver to the investors the "Prospectuses to be delivered" (the prospectuses to be delivered in advance or at once in accordance with the provisions of the Financial Instrument and Exchange Law) the "Prospectuses to be delivered" (the prospectuses to be delivered in advance or at once in accordance with the provisions of the Financial Instrument and Exchange Law). In case of the investors' request, they shall deliver to the investors the "Prospectuses to be delivered if requested" (the prospectuses to be delivered if requested in accordance with the provisions of the Financial Instrument and Exchange Law). For the purpose of disclosure of the financial conditions, etc., the Trustees shall submit to the Director of Kanto Local Finance Bureau of the Ministry of Finance of Japan securities reports within 6 months of the end of each fiscal year, semi-annual reports within 3 months of the end of each semi-annual period and extraordinary reports from time to time when changes occur as to material subjects of the Fund. These documents are available for public inspection for the investors and any other persons who desire at Kanto Local Finance Bureau of the Ministry of Finance or EDINET, etc.

Prior to offering of Shares for sale, the Fund must file in advance the prescribed matters on the Fund with the Commissioner of Financial Services Agency under the Law Concerning Investment Trusts and Investment Corporations (the Law No.198, 1951, as amended) (hereinafter referred to as the "Investment Trusts Law"). In addition, if the Fund amends the Agreement and the Declaration of the Trust of the Fund, or in certain other prescribed cases, the Fund must file in advance the contents of such amendment and the reasons therefor, etc. with the Commissioner of Financial Services Agency. Further, the Fund must prepare the Mandatory Management Report and the Full Management Report on the prescribed matters concerning the assets of the Fund under the Investment Trusts Law immediately after the end of each calculation period of the Fund and must file such Reports with the Commissioner of Financial Services Agency.

 If the Fund intends to make any amendment to the Agreement and Declaration of Trust of the Fund and the amendment is significant or in certain other prescribed cases, the Fund shall provide in advance a written notice of such amendment and the

reasons therefor, etc. to all Japanese Shareholders known to the Sales Handling Companies in Japan.

 The Japanese Shareholders will be notified of the material facts which would change their position and of notices from the Fund, through the Sales Handling Companies.

 The above-described Mandatory Management Report on the Fund will be provided in writing or by electronic means as separately notified by the Sales Handling Companies to the shareholders known in Japan. The Full Management Report of the Fund will be provided at the website of the Agent Company.

The SEC and state regulatory agencies or authorities are among the regulatory authorities having jurisdiction over the Fund or certain of its operations.

 The Fund seeks high current income consistent with what the Investment Management Company believes to be prudent risk.

Changes in policies. The Trustees may change the Fund's goal, investment strategies and other policies without shareholder approval, except as otherwise provided in the Fund's prospectus or statement of additional information.

INVESTMENT STRATEGIES

The Fund invests mainly in bonds that are securitized debt instruments (such as mortgage-backed investments) and related derivative instruments, and other obligations of companies and governments worldwide denominated in U.S. dollars or (to a lesser extent) non-U.S. currencies, are either investment-grade or below-investment-grade in quality (sometimes referred to as "junk bonds"), and have intermediate- to long-term maturities (three years or longer). The Fund currently has significant investment exposure to residential and commercial mortgage-backed securities. The Investment Management Company may consider, among other factors, credit, interest rate and prepayment risks, as well as general market conditions, when deciding whether to buy or sell investments. The Fund typically uses to a significant extent derivatives, including credit default swaps, interest rate swaps, total return

swaps, to-be-announced (TBA) commitments, futures, options and swaptions, including on mortgage-backed securities and indices, and certain non-U.S. currency transactions, for both hedging and non-hedging purposes including to obtain or adjust exposure to mortgage-backed investments.

The Fund's Trustees

As shareholders of a mutual fund, investors have certain rights and protections, including representation by a Board of Trustees. The Fund's Board of Trustees oversees the general conduct of the Fund's business and represents the interests of Fund shareholders. At least 75% of the members of the Putnam Funds' Board of Trustees are independent, which means they are not officers of the Fund or affiliated with the Investment Management Company.

The Trustees periodically review the Fund's investment performance and the quality of other services such as administration, custody, and investor services. At least annually, the Trustees review the fees paid to the Investment Management Company and its affiliates for providing or overseeing these services, as well as the overall level of the Fund's operating expenses. In carrying out their responsibilities, the Trustees are assisted by an administrative staff, auditors and legal counsel that are selected by the Trustees and are independent of the Investment Management Company and its affiliates.

The Fund's Investment Management Company

The Trustees have retained the Investment Management Company, a global investment management organization based in California, to be the Fund's investment manager, responsible for making investment decisions for the Fund and managing the Fund's other affairs and business.

Under an agreement with the Investment Management Company, the Sub-Adviser, 100 Federal Street, Boston, MA 02110, serves as the Fund's sub-adviser, responsible for providing certain advisory and related services. The Sub-Adviser is an indirect, wholly-owned subsidiary of Franklin Resources, Inc. ("Resources"). The Investment Management Company (and not the Fund) will pay a monthly fee to the Sub-Adviser based on the costs of the Sub-Adviser in providing these services to the Fund, which may include a mark-up determined and revised from time-to-time in accordance with Franklin Templeton's transfer pricing policy, in line with applicable tax/transfer pricing regulations, but not to exceed 15% over such costs.

The Investment Management Company has retained the Sub-Investment Management Company, 78 Cannon Street, London, EC4N 6HL, England, to make investment decisions for such Fund assets as may be designated from time to time by the Investment Management Company. The Sub-Investment Management Company is not currently managing any Fund assets. If the Sub-Investment Management Company were to manage any Fund assets, the Investment Management Company (and not the Fund) would pay a monthly sub-management fee to the Sub-Investment

Management Company for its services at the annual rate of 0.20% of the average net asset value of any Fund assets managed by the Sub-Investment Management Company. The Sub-Investment Management Company is an indirect subsidiary of Resources.

Pursuant to the arrangements described above, investment professionals who are based in jurisdictions outside of the United States may serve as portfolio managers of the Fund or provide other investment services, consistent with local regulations.

The Fund pays a monthly management fee to the Investment Management Company. The fee is calculated by applying a rate to the Fund's average net assets for the month. The rate is based on the monthly average of the aggregate net assets of other open-end mutual fund sponsored by the Sub-Adviser, the Fund's investment management company prior to July 15, 2024 (including open-end mutual funds managed by the Investment Management Company that have been deemed to be sponsored by the Sub-Adviser for this purpose) (excluding net assets of such funds that are invested in, or that are invested in by, other such funds to the extent necessary to avoid "double counting" of those assets), and generally declines as the aggregate net assets increase.

The Fund paid the Investment Management Company a management fee (after any applicable waivers) of 0.27% of average net assets for the Fund's last fiscal year.

A discussion regarding the basis for the Trustees' approval of the Fund's investment management contract and subadvisory agreements described above is available in the Fund's report on Form N-CSR for the period ended October 31, 2025.

The Investment Management Company has contractually agreed to waive fees and/or reimburse expenses (excluding payments under the Fund's distribution plans, payments under the Fund's investor servicing contract, brokerage interest, taxes, investment-related expenses (including borrowing costs, i.e., short selling and lines of credit costs), extraordinary expenses, and acquired fund fees and expenses) of the fund so that the total annual operating expenses of the fund will not exceed an annual rate of 0.33% of the fund's average net assets. Additionally, the Investment Management Company has contractually agreed to reduce its fees by an amount equal to the management fees paid by Franklin Templeton affiliated funds with respect to assets the fund invests in such affiliated funds. These obligations may not be modified or discontinued prior to February 28, 2027, without approval of the Board of Trustees.

Portfolio managers. The portfolio managers identified below are jointly and primarily responsible for the day-to-day management of the Fund's portfolio.

Albert W. Chan, CFA, Portfolio Manager of the Investment Management Company

Mr. Chan has been a portfolio manager of the Fund since 2024. He joined Franklin Templeton in 2024. Prior to joining Franklin Templeton, Mr. Chan was a portfolio manager for the Sub-Adviser. He joined the Sub-Adviser in 2002.

Tina Chou, Portfolio Manager of the Investment Management Company

Ms. Chou has been a portfolio manager of the Fund since 2024. She joined Franklin Templeton in 2004.

Patrick A. Klein, Ph.D., Portfolio Manager of the Investment Management Company

Mr. Klein has been a portfolio manager of the Fund since 2024. He joined Franklin Templeton in 2005.

Michael V. Salm, Portfolio Manager of the Investment Management Company

Mr. Salm has been a portfolio manager of the Fund since 2007. He joined Franklin Templeton in 2024. Prior to joining Franklin Templeton, Mr. Salm was a portfolio manager for the Sub-Adviser. He joined the Sub-Adviser in 1997.

Matthew J. Walkup, Portfolio Manager of the Investment Management Company

Mr. Walkup has been a portfolio manager of the Fund since 2024. He joined Franklin Templeton in 2024. Prior to joining Franklin Templeton, Mr. Walkup was a portfolio manager for the Sub-Adviser. He joined the Sub-Adviser in 2014.

(Note) The above information is as of February 28, 2026, and may change in the future.

Compensation of portfolio managers

The Investment Management Company seeks to maintain a compensation program that is competitively positioned to attract, retain and motivate top-quality investment professionals. Portfolio managers receive a base salary, a cash incentive bonus opportunity, an equity compensation opportunity, and a benefits package. Portfolio manager compensation is reviewed annually, and the level of compensation is based on individual performance, the salary range for a portfolio manager's level of responsibility and Franklin Templeton guidelines. Portfolio managers are provided no financial incentive to favor one fund or account over another. Each portfolio manager's compensation consists of the following three elements:

Base salary - Each portfolio manager is paid a base salary.

Annual bonus - Annual bonuses are structured to align the interests of the portfolio manager with those of the Fund's shareholders. Each portfolio manager is eligible to receive an annual bonus. Bonuses generally are split between cash and restricted shares of Franklin Templeton's stock and mutual fund shares. The deferred equity-based compensation is intended to build a vested interest of the portfolio manager in the financial performance of both Franklin Templeton and mutual funds advised by the Investment Management Company. The bonus plan is intended to provide a competitive level of annual bonus compensation that is tied to the portfolio manager achieving consistently strong investment performance, which aligns the financial incentives of the portfolio manager and Fund shareholders. The Chief Investment Officer of the Investment Management Company and/or other officers of the Investment Management Company, with responsibility for the Fund, have discretion in the granting of annual bonuses to portfolio managers in accordance with Franklin Templeton guidelines. The following factors are generally used in determining bonuses under the plan:

Additional long-term equity-based compensation - Portfolio managers may also be awarded restricted shares or units of Franklin Templeton stock or restricted shares or units of one or more mutual funds. Awards of such deferred equity-based compensation typically vest over time, so as to create incentives to retain key talent.

Benefits - Portfolio managers also participate in benefit plans and programs available generally to all employees of the Investment Management Company.

Potential conflicts of interest in managing multiple accounts.

Investment Management Company

Like other investment professionals with multiple clients, the Fund's Portfolio Manager(s) may face certain potential conflicts of interest in connection with managing both the Fund and the other accounts listed under "Other accounts managed" below at the same time. The paragraphs below describe some of these potential conflicts, which the Investment Management Company believes are faced by investment professionals at most major financial firms. As described below, the Investment Management Company and the Trustees have adopted compliance policies and procedures that attempt to address certain of these potential conflicts. The management of accounts with different advisory fee rates and/or fee structures, including accounts that pay advisory fees based on account performance ("performance fee accounts"), may raise potential conflicts of interest by creating an incentive to favor higher-fee accounts. These potential conflicts may include, among others:

The Investment Management Company attempts to address these potential conflicts of interest relating to higher-fee accounts through various compliance policies that are generally intended to place all accounts, regardless of fee structure, on the same footing for investment management purposes. For example, under the Investment Management Company's policies:

As part of these policies, the Investment Management Company has also implemented trade oversight and review procedures in order to monitor whether particular accounts (including higher-fee accounts or performance fee accounts) are being favored over time.

Potential conflicts of interest may also arise when the Portfolio Manager(s) have personal investments in other accounts that may create an incentive to favor those accounts. As a general matter and subject to limited exceptions, the Investment Management Company's investment professionals do not have the opportunity to invest in client accounts, other than Franklin Templeton affiliated funds. However, in the ordinary course of business, the Investment Management Company or related persons may from time to time establish "pilot" or "incubator" accounts for the purpose of testing proposed investment strategies and products before offering them to clients. These pilot accounts may be in the form of registered investment companies, private funds such as partnerships or separate accounts established by the Investment Management Company or an affiliate. The Investment Management Company or an affiliate supplies the funding for these accounts. Franklin Templeton employees, including the Fund's Portfolio Manager(s), may also invest in certain pilot

accounts. The Investment Management Company, and to the extent applicable, the Portfolio Manager(s) will benefit from the favorable investment performance of pilot accounts. Pilot funds and accounts may, and frequently do, invest in the same securities as the client accounts. The Investment Management Company's policy is to treat pilot accounts in the same manner as client accounts for purposes of trading allocation - neither favoring nor disfavoring them except as is legally required. For example, pilot accounts are normally included in the Investment Management Company's daily block trades to the same extent as client accounts (except that pilot accounts do not participate in initial public offerings).

A potential conflict of interest may arise when the Fund and other accounts purchase or sell the same securities. On occasions when the Portfolio Manager(s) consider the purchase or sale of a security to be in the best interests of the Fund as well as other accounts, the Investment Management Company's trading desk may, to the extent permitted by applicable laws and regulations and where practicable, aggregate the securities to be sold or purchased in order to obtain the best execution and lower brokerage commissions, if any. Aggregation of trades may create the potential for unfairness to the Fund or another account if one account is favored over another in allocating the securities purchased or sold - for example, by allocating a disproportionate amount of a security that is likely to increase in value to a favored account. The Investment Management Company's trade allocation policies generally provide that each day's transactions in securities that are purchased or sold by multiple accounts are, insofar as possible, averaged as to price and allocated between such accounts (including the Fund) in a manner which in the Investment Management Company's opinion is equitable to each account and in accordance with the amount being purchased or sold by each account. However, accounts advised or sub-advised by the Sub-Investment Management Company will only place trades at an execution-only commission rate, whereas other Franklin Templeton accounts may pay an additional amount for research and other products and services (a "bundled" or "full service" rate). The Investment Management Company may aggregate trades in the Sub-Investment Management Company accounts with other Franklin Templeton accounts that pay a bundled rate as long as all participating accounts pay the same execution rate. To the extent that non-Sub-Investment Management Company accounts pay a bundled rate, the Sub-Investment Management Company and other Investment Management Company accounts would not be paying the same total commission rate. Certain other exceptions exist for specialty, regional or sector accounts. Trade allocations are reviewed on a periodic basis as part of the Investment Management Company's trade oversight procedures in an attempt to ensure fairness over time across accounts.

"Cross trades," in which one Franklin Templeton account sells a particular security to another account (potentially saving transaction costs for both accounts), may also pose a potential conflict of interest. Cross trades may be seen to involve a potential conflict of interest if, for example, one account is permitted to sell a security to another account at a higher price than an independent third party would pay, or if such trades result in more attractive investments being allocated to higher-fee accounts. The Investment Management Company and the Fund's Trustees have adopted compliance procedures that provide that any transactions between the Fund and another Franklin Templeton-advised account are to be made at an independent current market price, as required by law.

Another potential conflict of interest may arise based on the different goals and strategies of the Fund and other accounts. For example, another account may have a shorter-term investment horizon or different goals, policies or restrictions than the Fund. Depending on goals or other factors, the Portfolio Manager(s) may give advice and make decisions for another account that may differ from advice given, or the timing or nature of decisions made, with respect to the Fund. In addition, investment decisions are the product of many factors in addition to basic suitability for the particular account involved. Thus, a particular security may be bought or sold for certain accounts even though it could have been bought or sold for other accounts at the same time. More rarely, a particular security may be bought for one or more accounts managed by the Portfolio Manager(s) when one or more other accounts are selling the security (including short sales). There may be circumstances when purchases or sales of portfolio securities for one or more accounts may have an adverse effect on other accounts. As noted above, the Investment Management Company has implemented trade oversight and review procedures to monitor whether any account is systematically favored over time.

Under federal securities laws, a short sale of a security by another client of the Investment Management Company or its affiliates (other than another registered investment company) within five business days prior to a public offering of the same securities (the timing of which is generally not known to the Investment Management Company or its affiliates in advance) may prohibit the Fund from participating in the public offering, which could cause the Fund to miss an otherwise favorable investment opportunity or to pay a higher price for the securities in the secondary markets.

The Fund's Portfolio Manager(s) may also face other potential conflicts of interest in managing the Fund, and the description above is not a complete description of every conflict that could be deemed to exist in managing both the Fund and other accounts. For information on restrictions imposed on personal securities transactions of the

Fund's Portfolio Manager(s), please see "Personal Investments by Employees of the Investment Management Company, the Sub-Adviser, Sub-Investment Management Company and the Principal Underwriter and Officers and Trustees of the Fund."

Other Accounts Managed by the Portfolio Managers

The table below identifies the portfolio managers, the number of accounts (other than the Fund) for which the portfolio managers have day-to-day management responsibilities and the total assets in such accounts, within each of the following categories: registered investment companies, other pooled investment vehicles, and other accounts. For each category, the number of accounts and total assets in the accounts where fees are based on performance are also indicated, as applicable. Unless noted otherwise, all information is provided as of October 31, 2025.

Personal Investments by Employees of the Investment Management Company, the Sub-Adviser, Sub-Investment Management Company and the Principal Underwriter and Officers and Trustees of the Fund

Employees of the Investment Management Company, the Sub-Investment Management Company, the Sub-Adviser, and the Principal Underwriter and officers and Trustees of the Fund are subject to significant restrictions on engaging in personal securities transactions. These restrictions are set forth in the Codes of Ethics adopted by the Investment Management Company, the Sub-Adviser, the Sub-Investment Management Company and the Principal Underwriter and by the Fund (the "Code of Ethics"). The Code of Ethics, in accordance with Rule 17j-1 under the 1940 Act,

contains provisions and requirements designed to identify and address certain conflicts of interest between personal investment activities and the interests of the Fund.

The Code of Ethics does not prohibit personnel from investing in securities that may be purchased or held by the Fund. However, the Code of Ethics, consistent with standards recommended by the Investment Management Company Institute's Advisory Group on Personal Investing and requirements established by Rule 17j-1 and rules adopted under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, among other things, prohibits personal securities investments without pre-clearance, imposes time periods during which personal transactions may not be made in certain securities by employees with access to investment information, and requires the timely submission of broker confirmations and quarterly reporting of personal securities transactions. Additional restrictions apply to portfolio managers, traders, research analysts and others involved in the investment advisory process.

The Code of Ethics does not prohibit unaffiliated officers and Trustees from investing in securities that may be held by the Fund; however, the Code of Ethics regulates the personal securities transactions of unaffiliated Trustees of the Fund, including limiting the time periods during which they may personally buy and sell certain securities and requiring them to submit reports of personal securities transactions under certain circumstances.

The Fund's Trustees, in compliance with Rule 17j-1, approved the Code of Ethics and are required to approve any material changes to the Code of Ethics. The Trustees also provide continued oversight of personal investment policies and annually evaluate the implementation and effectiveness of the Code of Ethics.

Portfolio managers' securities ownership

The table below identifies ownership of equity securities of the Fund by the portfolio managers responsible for the day-to-day management of the Fund as of October 31, 2025.

Portfolio managers Dollar range of shares owned

Michael Salm           None

Albert Chan          None

Tina Chou           None

Patrick Klein            None

Matthew Walkup        None

Securities Lending Activities

The Fund did not participate in any securities lending activities during the fiscal year ended October 31, 2025.

Structure of Fund Management

The Fund is managed using a team approach, drawing on the extensive resources of the Investment Management Company's Fixed Income team.

Investment Philosophy

The Investment Management Company believes that fixed income markets are inefficient at pricing the risk of various securities, and that active management can add value by exploiting these inefficiencies through the disciplined and systematic application of a well-defined, robust investment process. The Investment Management Company believes that integrating top-down macroeconomic views, bottom-up fundamental research, and granular portfolio construction provides a competitive edge to navigate challenging investment environments, generate consistent alpha, and better serve shareholders.

Summary Investment Process

The investment process for Putnam Income Fund marries independently derived macroeconomic and fundamental sector-specific research with a granular, customized lens to exposures allows the Investment Management Company to allocate risk with greater precision and intent.

Macro views inform fundamental analysis

The output of the Quarterly Research and Strategy Forum is the starting point for the Fund's investment process. At this forum the Fixed Income Research & Strategy Team (FIRST), which includes all the Investment Management Company's fixed income investment professionals and representatives from other internatal investment teams, present and debate independently derived macro and fundamental research. The purpose is to establish key investment themes for the next six to 12 months.

The Forum begins with the presentation of the investment team's global macroeconomic outlook and views by the team of macroeconomists led by CIO, Sonal Desai, Ph.D. These views are discussed and debated, and the global macro views are finalized. This macroeconomic backdrop is used to inform our sector teams' research and active duration positioning. Macroeconomists also determine the economic forecasts used in the investment team's proprietary spread modelling (sector relative value) process.

Bottom-up fundamental sector research enhances our macro analysis

Individual sector teams dedicated to securitized debt, investment grade credit, are responsible for preparing and presenting independent research which culminates in a fundamentals-driven outlook and recommendation for their sector which also includes forecast spreads and volatility. Their research and recommendations are debated and ratified by the Forum. This research is used to establish our sector relative value views.

Portfolio Construction

The Investment Management Company's investment process incorporates multiple research perspectives-bottom-up fundamental sector, country, and issuer analysis, top-down macroeconomic research, and granular portfolio construction -to identify and capture the most compelling investment opportunities. The Investment Management Company allocates risk strategically between different alpha sources: sector allocation, interest rates (duration), and security selection. Sophisticated portfolio optimization seeks to maximize expected return for a given level of risk.

The Investment Management Company believes that benchmarks are inherently inefficient, and that active management should therefore be able to generate excess returns through all market cycles. It is the Investment Management Company's belief that our intentional portfolio construction process can exploit these market inefficiencies and serve as an additional source of expected alpha alongside sector allocation and bottom-up security selection delivered by experienced, well-resourced sector teams. The strategy brings together expertise from across Franklin Templeton to ensure that qualitative, fundamental, and comprehensive risk and portfolio management inputs are considered at all stages of the investment process.

Rather than comparing securities within traditional Bloomberg index sectors, portfolio managers create custom sectors designed to allow them to compare securities that exhibit similar volatility profiles. The proprietary portfolio construction model incorporates an embedded downside constraint designed to construct portfolios built to

weather various market environments. the Investment Management Company believe this enhances the team's risk allocation decisions and ensures conviction in securities we include in the portfolio.

Ongoing interaction within and between the Investment Management Company's Fixed Income's sector teams-whether in regular, scheduled forums or impromptu discussions-is essential to our ability to take advantage of market opportunities. The Investment Management Company's global investment capabilities and seamlessly integrated structure facilitate information sharing and the exchange of investment ideas from the varying perspectives of economists, portfolio managers, sector specialists, data scientists, and traders.

Sector Team Meetings

On a weekly basis, sector teams made up of portfolio managers, analysts, and traders, discuss current trends within their specialist sector-global sovereigns and emerging markets, global investment grade and high yield corporate credit, securitized sectors, bank loans, and municipal bonds. Current risk positioning and analysts' investment recommendations are thoroughly reviewed during these meetings.

Security Selection

Having established the target risk profile and sector allocation of the strategy, portfolio managers rely on detailed fundamental issuer research by dedicated analysts in each sector team to populate the individual portfolios. The output of our fundamental research process is a buy-list of securities that are supported by our intensive bottom-up research, and expected to contribute to meeting the strategy's investment objectives.

The drivers of security selection vary from sector to sector. However, bottom-up research always includes thorough fundamental analysis which aims to ensure that we are well-compensated for the risks taken, combined with relative value analysis to identify undervalued securities.

Sell Discipline

Bonds are sold when they no longer contribute to the portfolio strategy or when they no longer offer compelling relative value. For example, the Investment Management Company would sell certain securities to implement a major sector allocation shift. Bonds may also be sold if our bottom-up research concludes that certain bonds no longer offer relative value compared to other issues within their respective sectors. This may because the bond has reached its price or yield target and the Fund takes profits, or because the Investment Management Company expects a deterioration in the issuer's credit profile and have identified better opportunity elsewhere.

The Fund normally distributes any net investment income monthly and any net realized capital gains annually. Typically, the payment of distributions to Japanese investors will be made as soon as the receipt of the distributions by the Distributor.

The Fund has adopted the fundamental investment restrictions below for the protection of shareholders. Fundamental investment restrictions may not be changed without a vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities. The Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, provides that a "vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities" of a fund means the affirmative vote of the lesser of (1) more than 50% of the outstanding fund shares, or (2) 67% or more of the shares present at a meeting if more than 50% of the outstanding fund shares are represented at the meeting in person or by proxy.

As fundamental investment restrictions, the Fund may not and will not:

For purposes of the Fund's fundamental policy on industry concentration ((h) above), the Investment Management Company determines the appropriate industry categories and assigns issuers to them, informed by a variety of considerations, including relevant third-party categorization systems. Industry categories and issuer

assignments may change over time as industry sectors and issuers evolve. Portfolio allocations shown in shareholder reports and other communications may use broader investment sectors or narrower sub-industry categories.

The following non-fundamental investment policies may be changed by the Trustees without shareholder approval:

(1)    The Fund will not issue any class of securities which is senior to the Fund's shares of beneficial interest, except for permitted borrowings.

In connection with the offering of its shares in Japan, the Fund has adopted the following non-fundamental investment policy:

Exceptions to the above limitations (calculated as zero exposure) are as follows:

For the purpose of calculating issuer-concentration and counterparty exposure risks under the restrictions (a) to (d) above, to the extent the Fund invests directly in undertakings for collective investment and/or securitized instruments and where the assets of their respective issuers and/or vehicles are segregated from the proprietary assets or other assets that are not attributable to these undertakings for collective investment and/or securitized instruments held by such issuers and/or vehicles and such issuers and/or vehicles are bankruptcy remote entities, then indirect position exposures of the Fund to the underlying assets of such undertakings for collective investment and/or securitized instruments may be looked through in determining the exposure.

In the case of deviation from any of (a) to (d) above, the Fund intends to correct the deviation within one month from the date that the Fund becomes aware of such deviation. If it is not possible to correct the deviation within one month, such deviation shall be corrected as soon as practically possible having regard to the interests of shareholders. Notwithstanding the above, the Fund may deviate from any of (a) to (d) (a "Permitted Deviation") when (i) in its sole determination, a large amount of subscription applications or repurchase requests for shares are made, (ii) it anticipates, in its sole discretion, a sudden or significant change in the markets or investments in which the Fund invests or there are other events beyond the reasonable control of the Fund, and/or (iii) when deviation is, in its sole discretion, reasonably necessary (A) for the purposes of preparing for the termination of the Fund or (B) as a consequence of the size of the assets of the Fund. A Permitted Deviation and the correction thereof (the "Correction") shall be disclosed to shareholders within 3 months of the Correction.

Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Fund generally does not invest in equity securities or warrants in accordance with the non-fundamental investment restriction discussed above.

Also in connection with the offering of its shares in Japan, the Fund has undertaken to the JSDA that the Fund will not:

If the undertaking is violated, the Fund will, promptly after discovery, take such action as may be necessary to cause the violation to cease, which shall be the only obligation of the Fund and the only remedy in respect of the violation. This undertaking will remain in effect as long as shares of the Fund are qualified for offer or sale in Japan and such undertaking is required by the JSDA as a condition of such qualification.

Also in connection with the Fund's offering of its shares in Japan, the Fund has adopted the following non-fundamental investment restriction:

(3)  The Fund will not invest in equity securities or warrants except that the Fund may invest in or hold preferred securities if and to the extent that such securities are characterized as debt for purposes of determining the Fund's status as a "bond investment trust" under the Income Tax Law of Japan. There can be no assurance that the Fund will be able to invest in such preferred securities.

Notwithstanding the foregoing restriction, the Fund may invest in asset-backed, hybrid and structured bonds and notes. These investments may entail significant risks that are not associated with a similar investment in a traditional debt instrument. The risks of a particular investment of this type will depend upon the terms of the instrument, but may include the possibility of significant changes in the benchmark(s) or the prices of the underlying assets to which the interest rate or return is linked, which may include equity securities.

All percentage limitations on investments will apply at the time of the making of an investment and shall not be considered violated unless an excess or deficiency occurs or exists immediately after and as a result of such investment.

The Fund has filed an election under Rule 18f-1 under the 1940 Act committing the Fund to pay all redemptions of Fund shares by a single shareholder during any 90-day period in cash, up to the lesser of (i) $250,000 or (ii) 1% of such Fund's net assets measured as of the beginning of such 90-day period.

The Investment Management Company pursues the Fund's goal by investing mainly in bonds that are securitized debt instruments and other government and corporate obligations. The Investment Management Company allocates the Fund's assets among these fixed income instruments in a manner intended, among other things, to diversify the Fund's exposure to different types of risks inherent in fixed income markets. The Investment Management Company believes that better risk diversification creates the potential for the Fund to perform well in a variety of market environments. The Investment Management Company's efforts to diversify risk through allocation decisions may not be successful and may hurt performance.

A description of the risks associated with the Fund's main investment strategies follows:

Interest rate risk. The values of bonds and other debt instruments usually rise and fall in response to changes in interest rates. Interest rates can change in response to the supply and demand for credit, government and/or central bank monetary policy and action, inflation rates, and other factors. Declining interest rates generally result in an increase in the value of existing debt instruments, and rising interest rates generally result in a decrease in the value of existing debt instruments. Changes in a debt instrument's value usually will not affect the amount of interest income paid to the Fund, but will affect the value of the Fund's shares. Interest rate risk is generally greater for investments with longer maturities.

Some investments give the issuer the option to call or redeem an investment before its maturity date. If an issuer calls or redeems an investment during a time of declining interest rates, the Fund might have to reinvest the proceeds in an investment offering a lower yield, and, therefore, the Fund might not benefit from any increase in value as a result of declining interest rates.

Credit risk. Investors normally expect to be compensated in proportion to the risk they are assuming. Thus, debt of issuers with poor credit prospects usually offers higher yields than debt of issuers with more secure credit. Higher-rated investments generally have lower credit risk.

The Fund invests mostly in investment-grade investments. These are rated at least BBB or its equivalent at the time of purchase by a U.S. nationally recognized securities rating organization, or are unrated investments that the Investment Management Company believes are of comparable quality. The Fund may also invest in securities rated below-investment-grade. However, the Fund will not invest in securities that are rated lower than B or its equivalent by each rating organization rating the investment, or in unrated securities that the Investment Management Company believes are of comparable quality. The Fund will not necessarily sell an investment if its rating is reduced after purchase.

Investments rated below BBB or its equivalent are below investment-grade in quality (sometimes referred to as "junk bonds"). This rating reflects a greater possibility that the issuers may be unable to make timely payments of interest and principal and thus default. If a default occurs, or is perceived as likely to occur, the value of the investment will usually be more volatile and is likely to fall.

The value of a debt instrument may also be affected by changes in, or perceptions of, the financial condition of the issuer, borrower, counterparty, or other entity, or underlying collateral or assets, or changes in, or perceptions of, specific or general market, economic, industry, political, regulatory, geopolitical, environmental, public health, and other conditions. A default or expected default could also make it difficult for the Fund to sell the investment at a price approximating the value the Investment Management Company had previously placed on it. Lower-rated debt usually has a more limited market than higher-rated debt, which may at times make it difficult for the Fund to buy or sell certain debt instruments or for the Investment Management Company to establish their fair values. Credit risk is generally greater for zero-coupon bonds and other investments that are issued at less than their face value and that are required to make interest payments only at maturity rather than at intervals during the life of the investment.

Credit ratings are based largely on the issuer's historical financial condition and the rating organizations' investment analysis at the time of rating. The rating assigned to

any particular investment does not necessarily reflect the issuer's current financial condition, and does not reflect an assessment of the investment's volatility or liquidity. Although credit ratings are considered when making investment decisions, the Investment Management Company performs its own investment analysis and does not rely only on ratings assigned by the rating organizations. The success in achieving the Fund's goal may depend more on the Investment Management Company's credit analysis when buying lower-rated debt than when buying investment-grade debt. The Fund may have to participate in legal proceedings involving the issuer. This could increase the Fund's operating expenses and decrease its net asset value.

Although investment-grade investments generally have lower credit risk, they may share some of the risks of lower-rated investments. U.S. government investments generally have the least credit risk, but are not completely free of credit risk. While some investments, such as U.S. Treasury obligations and Ginnie Mae certificates, are backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. government, others are backed only by the credit of the issuer. Mortgage-backed securities may be subject to the risk that underlying borrowers will be unable to meet their obligations. Fixed income investments may be more susceptible to downgrades or defaults during economic downturns or other periods of economic stress, which can significantly strain the financial resources of debt issuers, including the issuers of the bonds in which the Fund invests (or has exposure to). This may make it less likely that those issuers can meet their financial obligations when due and may adversely impact the value of their bonds, which could negatively impact the performance of the Fund. It is difficult to predict the level of financial stress and duration of such stress issuers may experience.

Prepayment risk. Traditional debt investments typically pay a fixed rate of interest until maturity, when the entire principal amount is due. In contrast, payments on securitized debt instruments, including mortgage-backed and asset-backed investments, typically include both interest and partial payment of principal. Principal may also be prepaid voluntarily, or as a result of refinancing or foreclosure. The Fund may have to invest the proceeds from prepaid investments in other investments with less attractive terms and yields.

Compared to debt that cannot be prepaid, mortgage-backed investments are less likely to increase in value during periods of declining interest rates and have a higher risk of decline in value during periods of rising interest rates. These investments may increase the volatility of the Fund. Some mortgage-backed investments receive only the interest portion or the principal portion of payments on the underlying mortgages. The yields and values of these investments are extremely sensitive to changes in interest rates and in the rate of principal payments on the underlying mortgages. The market for these investments may be volatile and limited, which may make them difficult to buy or sell. Asset-backed securities are structured like mortgage-backed securities, but instead of mortgage loans or interests in mortgage loans, the underlying assets may include such items as motor vehicle installment sales or installment loan contracts, leases of various types of real and personal property and receivables from credit card agreements. Asset-backed securities are subject to risks similar to those of mortgage-backed securities.

Derivatives risk. The Fund typically engages to a significant extent in a variety of transactions involving derivatives, such as credit default swaps, interest rate swaps, total return swaps, to-be-announced ("TBA") commitments, futures, options and

swaptions ,including on mortgage backed securities and indices, and certain non-U.S. currency transactions.

Derivatives are financial instruments whose value depends upon, or is derived from, the value of something else, such as one or more underlying investments, pools of investments, indexes or currencies. The Fund may make use of "short" derivative positions, the values of which typically move in the opposite direction from the price of the underlying investment, pool of investments, index or currency. The Fund may use derivatives both for hedging and non-hedging purposes. For example, the Fund may use derivatives to increase or decrease its exposure to long- or short-term interest rates (in the United States or outside the United States), adjust the term of the Fund's U.S. Treasury security exposure, adjust the Fund's positioning on the yield curve (a line that plots interest rates of bonds having equal credit quality but differing maturity dates) or to take tactical positions along the yield curve or to a particular currency or group of currencies, or as a substitute for a direct investment in the securities of one or more issuers. The Fund may also use derivatives to isolate prepayment risk associated with the Fund's holdings of collateralized mortgage obligations. However, the Investment Management Company may also choose not to use derivatives based on its evaluation of market conditions or the availability of suitable derivatives. Investments in derivatives may be applied toward meeting a requirement to invest in a particular kind of investment if the derivatives have economic characteristics similar to that investment.

Derivatives involve special risks and may result in losses. The successful use of derivatives depends on the Investment Management Company's ability to manage these sophisticated instruments. Some derivatives are "leveraged," which means they provide the Fund with investment exposure greater than the value of the Fund's investment in the derivatives. As a result, these derivatives may magnify or otherwise increase investment losses to the Fund. The risk of loss from certain short derivative positions is theoretically unlimited. The value of derivatives may move in unexpected ways due to unanticipated market movements, the use of leverage, imperfect correlation between the derivative instrument and the reference asset, or other factors, especially in unusual market conditions, and volatility in the value of derivatives could adversely impact the Fund's returns, obligations and exposures.

Other risks arise from the potential inability to terminate or sell derivative positions. Derivatives may be subject to liquidity risk due to the Fund's obligation to make payments of margin, collateral, or settlement payments to counterparties. A liquid secondary market may not always exist for the Fund's derivative positions. In fact, certain over-the-counter instruments (investments not traded on an exchange) may not be liquid. Over-the-counter instruments also involve the risk that the other party to the derivative transaction may not be willing or able to meet its obligations with respect to the derivative transaction. The risk of a party failing to meet its obligations may increase if the Fund has significant exposure to that counterparty. Derivative transactions may also be subject to operational risk, including due to documentation and settlement issues, system failures, inadequate controls and human error, and legal risk due to insufficient documentation, insufficient capacity or authority of a counterparty, or issues with respect to the legality or enforceability of the derivative contract.

Non-U.S. investments risk. The Fund may invest in U.S. dollar-denominated fixed-income securities of non-U.S. issuers, although non-U.S. investments do not represent

a primary focus of the Fund. Non-U.S. investments involve certain special risks. For example, their values may decline in response to changes in currency exchange rates, unfavorable political and legal developments, unreliable or untimely information, and economic and financial instability. In addition, the liquidity of these investments may be more limited than for most U.S. investments, which means the Fund may at times be unable to sell them at desirable prices. Non-U.S. settlement procedures may also involve additional risks. These risks are generally greater in the case of developing (also known as emerging) markets, which typically have less developed legal and financial systems.

Certain of these risks may also apply to some extent to investments in U.S. companies or issuers that are traded in non-U.S. markets, or investments in U.S. companies or issuers that have significant non-U.S. operations.

Liquidity and illiquid investments risk. The Fund may invest up to 15% of its net assets in illiquid investments, which may be considered speculative and which may be difficult to sell. The sale of many of these investments is prohibited or limited by law or contract. Some investments may be difficult to value for purposes of determining the Fund's net asset value. Certain other investments may not have an active trading market due to adverse market, economic, industry, political, regulatory, geopolitical, environmental, public health, and other conditions, including investors trying to sell large quantities of a particular investment or type of investment, or lack of market makers or other buyers for a particular investment or type of investment. Commercial mortgage-backed securities may be less liquid and exhibit greater price volatility than other types of mortgage- or asset-backed securities. The Fund may not be able to sell its illiquid investments when the Investment Management Company considers it desirable to do so, or the Fund may be able to sell them only at less than their value.

Focused investment risk. Focusing investments in sectors and industries with high positive correlations to one another creates additional risk. The Fund 's investments in mortgage-backed securities may make the Fund's net asset value more susceptible to economic, market, political and other developments affecting the residential and commercial real estate markets and the servicing of mortgage loans secured by real estate properties. Factors affecting the residential and commercial real estate markets include the supply and demand of real property in particular markets, changes in the availability, terms and costs of mortgages, changes in tenants' ability to make loan payments, changes in zoning laws and eminent domain practices, the impact of environmental laws, delays in completion of construction, changes in real estate values, changes in property taxes, levels of occupancy, adequacy of rent to cover operating expenses, changes in government regulations, and local and regional market conditions. Some of these factors may vary greatly by geographic location.

The value of these investments also may be affected by changes in interest rates and social and economic trends. Mortgage-backed securities are subject to the risk of fluctuations in income from underlying real estate assets, prepayments, extensions, and defaults by borrowers.

To the extent the Fund has investment exposure to commercial mortgage-backed securities, the Fund may be particularly susceptible to adverse developments affecting those securities. Commercial mortgage-backed securities include securities that reflect an interest in, or are secured by, mortgage loans on commercial real property, such as industrial and warehouse properties, office buildings, retail space and shopping malls,

cooperative apartments, hotels and motels, nursing homes, hospitals and senior living centers. Many of the risks of investing in commercial mortgage-backed securities reflect the risks of investing in the real estate securing the underlying mortgage loans. During periods of difficult economic conditions (including periods of significant disruptions to business operations, supply chains, and customer activity and lower consumer demand for goods and services), delinquencies and losses on commercial real estate generally increase, including as a result of the effects of those conditions on commercial real estate markets, the ability of commercial tenants to make loan payments, and the ability of a property to attract and retain commercial tenants. The risk of defaults on residential mortgage-backed securities is generally higher in the case of mortgage-backed investments that include non-qualified mortgages. Litigation with respect to the representations and warranties given in connection with the issuance of mortgage-backed securities can be an important consideration in investing in such securities, and the outcome of any such litigation could significantly impact the value of the Fund's mortgage-backed investments.

Market risk. The value of investments in the Fund's portfolio may fall or fail to rise over extended periods of time for a variety of reasons, including general economic, political or financial market conditions; investor sentiment and market perceptions (including perceptions about monetary policy, interest rates, inflation or the risk of default); government actions (including protectionist measures, intervention in the financial markets or other regulation, and changes in fiscal, monetary or tax policies); geopolitical events or changes (including natural disasters, terrorism and war); outbreaks of infectious illnesses or other widespread public health issues (including epidemics and pandemics); and factors related to a specific issuer, asset class, geography, industry or sector. Non-U.S. financial markets have their own market risks, and they may be more or less volatile than U.S. markets and may move in different directions. During a general downturn in financial markets, multiple asset classes may decline in value simultaneously. These and other factors may lead to increased volatility and reduced liquidity in the Fund's portfolio holdings. During those periods, the Fund may experience high levels of shareholder redemptions, and may have to sell securities at times when it would otherwise not do so, and at unfavorable prices. These risks may be exacerbated during economic downturns or other periods of economic stress.

The long-term impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and its subsequent variants on economies, markets, industries and individual issuers is not known. The U.S. government and the Federal Reserve, as well as certain foreign governments and central banks, took extraordinary actions to support local and global economies and the financial markets in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. This and other government intervention into the economy and financial markets have resulted in a large expansion of government deficits and debt, the long-term consequences of which are not known.

The United States and other countries are periodically involved in disputes over trade and other matters, which may result in tariffs, investment restrictions and adverse impacts on affected companies and securities. For example, the United States has imposed tariffs and other trade barriers on Chinese exports, has restricted sales of certain categories of goods to China, and has established barriers to investments in China. Trade disputes may adversely affect the economies of the United States and its trading partners, as well as companies directly or indirectly affected and financial

markets generally. The United States government has prohibited U.S. persons from investing in Chinese companies designated as related to the Chinese military. These and possible future restrictions could limit the Fund's opportunities for investment and require the sale of securities at a loss or make them illiquid. Moreover, the Chinese government is involved in a longstanding dispute with Taiwan that has included threats of invasion. If the political climate between the United States and China does not improve or continues to deteriorate, if China were to attempt unification of Taiwan by force, or if other geopolitical conflicts develop or get worse, economies, markets and individual securities may be severely affected both regionally and globally, and the value of the Fund's assets may go down.

Large shareholder transaction risk. The Fund is subject to the risk that shareholders will purchase or redeem large quantities of shares of the Fund. The Fund may be an investment option for mutual funds that are managed by the Investment Management Company and its affiliates as "funds of funds." Additionally, other investors from time to time may make substantial investments in the Fund. Such shareholders may at times be considered to control the Fund. In addition, a large number of shareholders collectively may purchase or redeem Fund shares in large amounts rapidly or unexpectedly. A number of circumstances may cause the Fund to experience large shareholder transactions, such as changes in the eligibility criteria for the Fund or a share class of the Fund; liquidations, reorganizations, repositionings, or other announced Fund events; or changes in investment objectives, strategies, policies, risks, or investment personnel. Large redemptions may be more likely during times of market stress or reduced liquidity, exacerbating the potential impact on the Fund. Large shareholder transactions may adversely affect the Fund's liquidity and net assets. These transactions could adversely affect the Fund's performance if the Fund is forced to sell portfolio securities to satisfy redemption requests or purchase securities for the portfolio in connection with the investment of subscription proceeds when the Fund would otherwise not do so, and at unfavorable prices, which may increase the Fund's brokerage costs and accelerate the realization of taxable income and/or gains to shareholders. The effects of taxable income and/or gains resulting from large shareholder transactions would particularly impact non-redeeming shareholders who do not hold their fund shares in an IRA, 401(k) plan or other tax-advantaged plan. To the extent that such transactions result in short-term capital gains, such gains will generally be taxed at the ordinary income tax rate for shareholders who hold fund shares in a taxable account. In addition, Fund returns also may be adversely affected if the Fund holds a portion of its assets in liquid, cash-like investments in connection with or in anticipation of shareholder redemptions.

Environmental, social, or governance ("ESG") considerations. Although ESG considerations do not represent a primary focus of the Fund, the Investment Management Company expects to integrate ESG considerations into the fundamental research process and investment decision-making for the Fund, where considered by the Investment Management Company to be material and relevant and where data is available. The Investment Management Company believes that ESG considerations, like other, more traditional subjects of investment analysis such as credit, interest rate, prepayment and liquidity risks, as well as general market conditions, have the potential to impact financial risk and investment returns. The Investment Management Company believes that ESG considerations are best analyzed in combination with

traditional fundamental considerations, including a company's industry, geography, and strategic position or the fundamentals of a securitized product and its underlying assets. With respect to securitized products, the Investment Management Company may evaluate ESG considerations related to the originator, servicers and other relevant parties.

The Investment Management Company also considers ESG factors when evaluating sovereign debt, including both current ESG metrics and goals and progress by the sovereign issuer with respect to ESG considerations. When considering ESG factors for all asset classes, the Investment Management Company uses company or issuer disclosures, public data sources, and independent third-party data (where available) as inputs into its analytical processes. With respect to certain fund holdings, such as holdings of securitized investments, data on material ESG considerations may be limited. Because fixed income investments generally represent a promise to pay principal and interest by an issuer, and not an ownership interest, and may involve complex structures, ESG-related investment considerations may have a more limited impact on risk and return (or may have an impact over a different investment time horizon) relative to other asset classes, and this may be particularly true for shorter-term investments. The consideration of ESG factors as part of the Fund's investment process does not mean that the Fund pursues a specific "ESG" or "sustainable" investment strategy, and the Investment Management Company may make investment decisions for the Fund other than on the basis of relevant ESG considerations.

Management and operational risk. The Fund is actively managed and its performance will reflect, in part, the Investment Management Company's ability to make investment decisions that seek to achieve the Fund's investment objective. There is no guarantee that the investment techniques, analyses, or judgments that the Investment Management Company applies in making investment decisions for the Fund will produce the intended outcome or that the investments the Investment Management Company selected for the Fund will perform as well as other securities that were not selected for the Fund. As a result, the Fund may underperform its benchmark or other funds with a similar investment goal and may realize losses. In addition, the Investment Management Company, or the Fund's other service providers, may experience disruptions or operating errors that could negatively impact the Fund. Although service providers may have operational risk management policies and procedures and take appropriate precautions to avoid and mitigate risks that could lead to disruptions and operating errors, it may not be possible to identify all of the operational risks that may affect the Fund or to develop processes and controls to completely eliminate or mitigate their occurrence or effects.

Other investments. In addition to the main investment strategies described above, the Fund may make other types of investments, such as investments in hybrid and structured bonds and notes, and preferred securities that would be characterized as debt securities under applicable accounting standards and tax laws. The Fund may also invest in cash or cash equivalents, including money market instruments or short-term instruments such as commercial paper, bank obligations (e.g., certificates of deposit and bankers' acceptances), repurchase agreements, and U.S. Treasury bills or other government obligations. The Fund may also from time to time invest all or a portion of its assets, including any cash balances in money market and/or short-term

bond funds advised by the Investment Management Company or its affiliates. The percentage of the Fund invested in cash and cash equivalents and such money market and short-term bond funds is expected to vary over time and will depend on various factors, including market conditions, purchase and redemption activity by Fund shareholders, and the Investment Management Company's assessment of the cash level that is appropriate to allow the Fund to pursue investment opportunities as they arise and to meet shareholder redemption requests. Large cash positions may dampen performance and may prevent the Fund from achieving its goal. The Fund may also loan portfolio securities to earn income. These practices may be subject to other risks.

Temporary defensive strategies. In response to adverse market, economic, political or other conditions, the Investment Management Company may take temporary defensive positions, such as investing some or all of the Fund's assets in cash and cash equivalents, that differ from the Fund's usual investment strategies. However, the Investment Management Company may choose not to use these temporary defensive strategies for a variety of reasons, even in very volatile market conditions. If the Fund employs these strategies, the Fund may miss out on investment opportunities, and may not achieve its goal. Additionally, while temporary defensive strategies are mainly designed to limit losses, they may not work as intended.

Changes in policies. The Trustees may change the Fund's goal, investment strategies and other policies set forth in this document without shareholder approval, except as otherwise provided in the Fund's prospectus or statement of additional information.

Portfolio turnover rate. The Fund's portfolio turnover rate measures how frequently the Fund buys and sells investments. A portfolio turnover rate of 100%, for example, would mean that the Fund sold and replaced securities valued at 100% of the Fund's assets within a one-year period. The Fund expects to engage in frequent trading. Funds with high turnover may be more likely to realize capital gains that must be distributed to shareholders as taxable income. High turnover may also cause a fund to pay more brokerage commissions and other transaction costs (including imputed transaction costs), which may detract from performance. The Fund's portfolio turnover rate and the amount of brokerage commissions it pays and transaction costs it incurs will vary over time based on market conditions.

Portfolio holdings. For more specific information on the Fund's portfolio, investors may visit www.franklintempleton.com, where the Fund's top 10 holdings and related portfolio information may be viewed monthly beginning on or after 5 business days after the end of each month, and full portfolio holdings may be viewed monthly beginning on or before the 15^th calendar day after the end of each month. This information will remain available on the website at least until the Fund files a Form N-CSR or publicly available Form N-PORT with the SEC for the period that includes the date of the information, after which such information can be found on the SEC's website at http://www.sec.gov.

Investment risk is managed through an investment process that relies on detailed, fundamental analysis of issuers and securities, portfolio diversification, and a robust risk framework. Portfolios managed by the Investment Management Company invest in only the most compelling securities identified by sector specialists'

intensive, bottom-up research, top-down macroeconomic views, and sector relative-value analysis.

During the portfolio construction process, portfolio managers collaborate with the Investment Risk Management Group, using a mosaic of ex-ante and ex-post analytics to monitor the level and sources of risk in the portfolio, and to ensure the allocation of risk is aligned with the portfolio's investment objectives and forward-looking views of the investment team. Exposure to each sector, yield curve, country, currency, industry and issuer are all evaluated.

Risk management methods

The Fund uses derivative transactions for hedging purposes and/or non-hedging purposes. The Fund uses risk management methods based on compliance with the EU Directive concerning UCITS.

[Translation is omitted.]

The sales charge in Japan shall be 3.30% (3% after tax deduction) of the amount obtained by deduction of the amount equivalent to 3% of the public offering price from such price (hereinafter referred to as the "Sales Price"). Any amount of the Sales Price, over the net asset value, shall be retained by the Principal Underwriter. The public offering price means the amount calculated by dividing the NAV by (1- 0.0325) and rounding to three decimal places.

A sales charge is charged in consideration of explanation and information services concerning the Fund and office expenses regarding the subscription.

Please refer to "II. MANAGEMENT AND ADMINISTRATION, 1. Subscription Procedures, Etc." hereof.

Repurchase requests in Japan may be made to the Investor Servicing Agent through the Sales Handling Company on a Fund Business Day that is a business day of the Distributor in Japan without a contingent deferred sales charge.

Please refer to "II. MANAGEMENT AND ADMINISTRATION, 1. Repurchase Procedures, Etc." hereof.

Under the Fund's management agreement with the Investment Management Company (the "Management Contract"), the Fund pays a monthly fee to the Investment Management Company. The fee is calculated by applying a rate to the

Fund's average net assets for the month. The rate is based on the monthly average of the aggregate net assets of other open-end mutual funds sponsored by the Sub-Adviser (including open-end mutual funds managed by the Investment Management Company that have been deemed to be sponsored by the Sub-Adviser for this purpose) (excluding net assets of such funds that are invested in, or that are invested in by, other such funds to the extent necessary to avoid "double counting" of those assets) ("Total Open-End Mutual Fund Average Net Assets"), as determined at the close of each business day during the month, as set forth below:

0.550% of the first $5 billion of Total Open-End Mutual Fund Average Net Assets;

0.500% of the next $5 billion of Total Open-End Mutual Fund Average Net Assets;

0.450% of the next $10 billion of Total Open-End Mutual Fund Average Net Assets;

0.400% of the next $10 billion of Total Open-End Mutual Fund Average Net Assets;

0.350% of the next $50 billion of Total Open-End Mutual Fund Average Net Assets;

0.330% of the next $50 billion of Total Open-End Mutual Fund Average Net Assets;

0.320% of the next $100 billion of Total Open-End Mutual Fund Average Net Assets;

0.315% of any excess thereafter.

In order to provide continuity in the determination of the management fee rates for all funds whose fee rates are based on Total Open-End Mutual Fund Average Net Assets, the Management Contract includes an acknowledgement by the Investment Management Company and the Sub-Adviser that each fund whose assets were counted in the calculation of Total Open-End Mutual Fund Average Net Assets as of the date of the Management Contract would continue to be deemed an open-end mutual fund sponsored by the Sub-Adviser for that purpose.

For the past three fiscal years ended October 31, pursuant to the applicable management contract, the Fund incurred the following fees:

* Effective July 15, 2024, Franklin Advisers replaced Putnam Management as the Investment Management Company.

The amount of management fee waived resulted from arrangements described above.

The management fees are charged in consideration of the investment management services of the Fund and investment adviser concerning the Fund's assets provided to the Fund.

The Investment Management Company has retained the Sub-Investment Management Company to make investment decisions for such Fund assets as may be designated from time to time for its management by the Investment Management Company. The Sub-Investment Management Company is not currently managing the Fund assets. If the Sub-Investment Management Company were to manage the Fund assets, the Investment Management Company (and not the Fund) would pay a monthly sub-management fee to the Sub-Investment Management Company for its services at the annual rate of 0.20% of the average net asset value of any Fund assets managed by the Sub-Investment Management Company.

The Investment Management Company has retained the Sub-Adviser to provide certain advisory and related services. The Investment Management Company (and not the Fund) will pay a monthly fee to the Sub-Adviser based on the costs of the Sub-Adviser in providing these services to the Fund, which may include a mark-up determined and revised from time-to-time in accordance with Franklin Templeton's transfer pricing policy, in line with applicable tax/transfer pricing regulations, but not to exceed 15% over such costs.

The Custodian acts as custodian of the Fund's securities and other assets.

The Fund's Investor Servicing Agent (transfer, plan and dividend disbursing agent) receives fees that are paid monthly by the Fund as an expense of all its shareholders. The fee paid to the Investor Servicing Agent, subject to certain limitations, is based on a Fund's retail asset level, the number of shareholder accounts in the Fund and the level of defined contribution plan assets in the Fund. Currently, under an expense limitation agreement with the Investor Servicing Agent, investor servicing fees for the Fund will not exceed an annual rate of 0.250% of the Fund's average assets.

For the fiscal year ended on October 31, 2025, the Fund incurred $1,521,125 in fees for investor servicing provided by the Investor Servicing Agent and $67,313 in fees for custody services provided by the Custodian and State Street Bank and Trust Company ("State Street"), the Fund's previous custodian. The Fund's expenses were reduced by $55,634 under the expense offset arrangement between the Fund, the Investor Servicing Agent and State Street.

The Class M distribution plan provides for payments by the Fund to the Principal Underwriter at the annual rate of up to 1.00% of average net assets attributable to Class M shares. The Trustees currently limit payments under the Class M plan to the annual rate of 0.50% of such assets. Because these fees are paid out of the Fund's assets, on an outgoing basis, they will increase the cost of an investor' investments. The Distributor and other dealers are paid from the 0.50% that the Fund pays the Principal Underwriter.

Payments under the plan are intended to compensate the Principal Underwriter for services provided and expenses incurred by it as principal underwriter of the Fund's shares, including the payments to dealers mentioned above. The Principal Underwriter may suspend or modify such payments to dealers.

The fees under the Class M distribution plan are charged in consideration of the services provided by the Principal Underwriter and of the services of the distributors of the Shares.

For the fiscal year ended on October 31, 2025, the Fund paid fees to the Principal Underwriter under the distribution plan of $154,244 for Class M shares.

The Sub-Administrator has entered into an agreement with the Investment Management Company to provide certain administrative services and facilities for the Fund. The Sub-Administrator is an indirect, wholly-owned subsidiary of Franklin Templeton. The administrative services the Sub-Administrator provides include preparing and maintaining books, records, and tax and financial reports, and monitoring compliance with regulatory requirements. the Investment Management Company pays the Sub-Administrator a monthly fee equal to the following:

0.150% of the Fund's average daily net assets up to and including $200 million;

0.135% of the Fund's average daily net assets over $200 million, up to and including $700 million;

0.100% of the Fund's average daily net assets over $700 million, up to and including $1.2 billion;

0.075% of the Fund's average daily net assets in excess of $1.2 billion.

The monthly fees are paid by the Investment Management Company and are not additional expenses of the Fund.

The Fund pays all expenses not assumed by the Investment Management Company, including, without limitation, auditing, legal, custodial, investor servicing and shareholder reporting expenses, and payments under its distribution plans (which are in turn allocated to the relevant class of shares). The Fund also reimbursed the Investment Management Company for administrative services during the fiscal year ended October 31, 2025, including compensation of certain Fund officers and contributions to the Putnam Retirement Plan for their benefit. The total reimbursement is determined annually by the Trustees and was $19,353 for fiscal 2025, of which $16,121 represents a portion of total reimbursement for compensation and contributions.

The Trustees are responsible for generally overseeing the conduct of Fund business. Subject to such policies as the Trustees may determine, the Investment Management Company furnishes a continuing investment program for the Fund and makes investment decisions on its behalf. Subject to the control of the Trustees, the

Investment Management Company also manages the Fund's other affairs and business.

The table below shows the value of each Trustee's holdings in the Fund and in all registered investment companies in the Franklin Templeton funds complex overseen by the Trustee as of December 31, 2025.

Each Independent Trustee of the Fund receives an annual retainer fee and an additional fee for each Trustee meeting attended. Independent Trustees also are reimbursed for expenses they incur relating to their services as Trustees. All of the current Independent Trustees of the Fund are Trustees of all the Putnam funds and receive fees for their services.

The Trustees periodically review their fees to ensure that such fees continue to be appropriate in light of their responsibilities as well as in relation to fees paid to trustees of other mutual fund complexes. The Board Policy and Nominating Committee, which consists solely of Independent Trustees of the Fund, estimates that committee and Trustee meeting time, together with the appropriate preparation, requires the equivalent of at least four business days per regular Trustee meeting.

The standing committees of the Board of Trustees, and the number of times each committee met during the fiscal year ended October 31, 2025, are shown in the table below:

Effective July 1, 2025, the following changes were made to the standing committees:

The following table shows the fees paid to each Trustee by the Fund for the fiscal year ended October 31, 2025 and the fees paid to each Trustee by other funds in the Franklin Templeton funds complex for services rendered during the calendar year ended December 31, 2025. Certain Independent Trustees who serve in leadership positions of the Board of Trustees or Board committees receive additional compensation, which is included in the fees shown below.

COMPENSATION TABLE

Under a retirement plan for Trustees of Putnam funds (the "Plan"), each Trustee who retires with at least five years of service as a Trustee of the funds is entitled to receive an annual retirement benefit equal to one-half of the average annual attendance and retainer fees paid to such Trustee for calendar years 2003, 2004 and

2005. This retirement benefit is payable during a Trustee's lifetime, beginning the year following retirement, for the number of years of service through December 31, 2006. A death benefit, also available under the Plan, ensures that the Trustee and his or her beneficiaries will receive benefit payments for the lesser of an aggregate period of (i) ten years, or (ii) such Trustee's total years of service.

The Plan Administrator (currently the Board Policy and Nominating Committee) may terminate or amend the Plan at any time, but no termination or amendment will result in a reduction in the amount of benefits (i) currently being paid to a Trustee at the time of such termination or amendment, or (ii) to which a current Trustee would have been entitled had he or she retired immediately prior to such termination or amendment. The Trustees have terminated the Plan with respect to any Trustee first elected to the Board after 2003.

For the past three fiscal years ended October 31, the Fund paid the following brokerage commissions:

The decrease in portfolio turnover between the fiscal years ended October 31, 2024 and October 31, 2025 was due to lower interest rate volatility in the market.

For the fiscal year ended October 31, 2025, the Fund placed transactions with brokers and dealers through which the Investment Management Company and its affiliates receive brokerage or research services as follows:

As of October 31, 2025, the Fund held the following securities of the Fund's regular broker-dealers (or affiliates of such broker-dealers).:

For the fiscal year ended on October 31, 2025, the Fund paid $1,963,519 in total other expenses, including payments under its distribution plans, but excluding management fees, investor servicing agent expenses and custodian expenses.

The Fund intends to qualify as a "bond investment trust." On that basis, the tax treatment of shareholders in Japan would be as follows:

This Fund intends to qualify as a publicly offered, foreign government and corporate bond fund under the Income Tax Law of Japan. There is a possibility, however, that other treatment may be applicable due to judgment by the relevant tax

authority in the future. Also, the taxation treatment described above is subject to other changes of law or practice.

The foregoing discussion regarding certain tax matters is very general and does not constitute tax advice. There may be other tax considerations applicable to Shareholders in Japan, and each Shareholder should seek advice based on such Shareholder's particular circumstances from an independent tax advisor.

(2) Investment Assets:

 (a)   Names of Major Portfolio (Top 30 including the Equity Shares, Bonds, Options, etc.):

* As of the end of January, 2026, the total current value of the "Short-Term Investments" included in (1) Diversification of Investment Portfolio was as follows:

(b) Investment Real Estate: 

Not applicable (as of the end of January, 2026).

(c) Other Major Investment Assets:

Not applicable (as of the end of January, 2026).

(3) Results of Past Operations:

(a) Record of Changes in Net Assets (Class M Shares):

Record of changes in net assets at the end of the following fiscal years and at the end of each month within a one year
prior to the end of January 2026 is as follows:

(Note) Operations of Class M Shares were commenced on December 14, 1994. In addition, as of December 14, 1994
the total NAV was $1,005 and NAV per share of Class M Shares was $6.50).

(b) Record of Changes in Distributions Paid (Class M Shares)

Record of distrbution paid for each Fiscal Years are as follows:

Record of changes in Return Rate during the following fiscal years is as follows:

(c) Annual Return (Class M shares): (11/01/2024-10/31/2025)

Record of Return Rate for each Fiscal Years are as follows:

* Return Rate (%) =[ [ Ending NAV x A] ] / Beginning NAV] - 1

"A" shall be obtained by multiplying together all the amounts of such dividend as distributed during the period divided by the NAV per share on the ex-dividend day of the relevant distribution plus 1.

Provided that Beginning NAV, except for the 1st fiscal year, means net asset value per share at the end of the fiscal year immediately preceding the relevant fiscal year, and Ending NAV means NAV per share at the end of the relevant fiscal year.

[(Reference information (graphs of the record of changes of net assets and return rate) from the Japanese Mandatory Prospectus is inserted.)]

(4) Record of Sales and Repurchases (Class M Shares): 

Record of sales and repurchases during the following fiscal years and number of outstanding Shares of the Fund as of the end of such Fiscal Years are as follows: 

Note: The numbers in ( ) are those sold, repurchased and outstanding shares in Japan.

Investors residing in the United States can open a Fund account and purchase class A, C and M shares (only class M shares are available in Japan) by contacting their financial professional or the Investor Servicing Agent, at 1-800-225-1581 and obtaining a Putnam account application. Class M shares of the Fund are only available for purchase by individuals purchasing shares of the Fund from Japanese distributors that have selling agreements with the Principal Underwriter.The completed application, along with a check made payable to the Fund, must then be returned to the Investor Servicing Agent at the following address:

Putnam Investor Services, Inc.

P.O. Box 219697

Kansas City, MO 64121-9697

Investors residing in the United States can open a Fund account with as little as $500. The minimum investment is waived if investors make regular investments weekly, semi-monthly or monthly through automatic deductions from their bank checking or savings account. Although the Investment Management Company is currently waiving the minimum, it reserves the right to reject initial investments under the minimum at its discretion.

The Fund sells its shares at the offering price, which is the net asset value plus any applicable sales charge (class A shares, which are not offered in Japan, and class M shares only). An investor's financial representative or the Investor Servicing Agent generally must receive the investor's completed buy order before the close of regular trading on the New York Stock Exchange ("NYSE") for the investor's shares to be bought at that day's offering price.

Investors participating in an employer-sponsored retirement plan that offers the Fund should consult their employer for information on how to purchase shares of the Fund through the plan, including any restrictions or limitations that may apply.

U.S. federal law requires mutual funds to obtain, verify, and record information that identifies investors opening new accounts. Investors must provide their full name, residential or business address, U.S. Social Security or tax identification number, and date of birth. Entities, such as trusts, estates, corporations and partnerships, must also provide additional identifying documentation. For trusts, the Fund must obtain and verify identifying information for each trustee listed in the account registration. For certain legal entities, the Fund must also obtain and verify identifying information regarding beneficial owners and/or control persons. The Fund is unable to accept new accounts if any required information is not provided. If the Investor Servicing Agent cannot verify identifying information after opening an investor's account, the Fund reserves the right to close the investor's account at the then-current net asset value, which may be more or less than your original investment, net of any applicable sales charges. The Investor Servicing Agent may share identifying information with third parties for the purpose of verification subject to the terms of Putnam's privacy policy. Also, the Fund may periodically close to new purchases of shares or refuse any order to buy shares if the Fund determines that doing so would be in the best interests of the Fund and its shareholders.

Purchasing additional shares

Once an investor has an existing account, the investor can make additional investments at any time in any amount in the following ways:

Class M shares

Initial sales charges for class M shares

Reducing investors' class M sales charge

The Fund offers two principal ways for investors to qualify for discounts on initial sales charges on class A (not offered in Japan) and class M shares, often referred to as "breakpoint discounts":

• Right of Accumulation. Investors can add the amount of their current purchases of class A (not offered in Japan) or class M shares of the Fund and other Putnam funds (excluding Putnam Ultra Short MAC Series) to the value of their existing accounts in the Fund and other Putnam funds (excluding Putnam Ultra Short MAC Series). Individuals can also include purchases by, and accounts owned by, their spouse and minor children, including accounts established through different financial representatives. For investors' current purchases, the investors will pay the initial sales charge applicable to the total value of the linked accounts and purchases, which may be lower than the sales charge otherwise applicable to each of their current purchases. In addition to Putnam Ultra Short MAC Series, shares of Putnam money market funds, other than money market fund shares acquired by exchange from other Putnam funds, are not included for purposes of the right of accumulation.

To calculate the total value of their existing accounts and any linked accounts, the Fund will use the higher of (a) the current maximum public offering price of those shares or (b) if an investor purchased the shares after December 31, 2007, the initial value of the total purchases, or, if an investor held the shares on December 31, 2007, the market value at maximum public offering price on that date, in either case, less the market value on the applicable redemption date of any of those shares that the investor has redeemed.

• Statement of intention. A statement of intention is a document in which an investor agrees to make purchases of class A (not offered in Japan) or class M shares in a specified amount within a period of 13 months. For each purchase the investor makes under the statement of intention, the investor will pay the initial sales charge applicable to the total amount the investor has agreed to purchase. While a statement of intention is not a binding obligation on the investor, if the investor does not purchase the full amount of shares within 13 months, the Fund will redeem shares from their account in an amount equal to the difference between the higher initial sales charge the investor would have paid in the absence of the statement of intention and the initial sales charge the investor actually paid.

Account types that may be linked with each other to obtain breakpoint discounts using the methods described above include:

In order to obtain a breakpoint discount, investors should inform their financial representatives at the time they purchase shares of the existence of other accounts or purchases that are eligible to be linked for the purpose of calculating the initial sales charge. The Fund or an investor's financial representative may ask the investor for records or other information about other shares held in the investor's accounts and linked accounts, including accounts opened with a different financial representative. Restrictions may apply to certain accounts and transactions. Further details about breakpoint discounts can be found at www.franklintempleton.com.

Distribution and service (12b-1) plans. Putnam funds are distributed primarily through dealers (including any broker, dealer, bank, bank trust department, registered investment advisor, financial planner, retirement plan administrator, and any other institution having a selling, services, or any similar agreement with the Principal Underwriter or one of its affiliates). In order to pay for the marketing of Fund shares and services provided to shareholders, the Fund has adopted distribution and service (12b-1) plans, which increase the annual operating expenses investors pay each year in certain share classes. The Principal Underwriter and its affiliates also make additional payments to dealers that do not increase investors' Fund expenses. The Fund's 12b-1 plans provide for payments at an annual rate (based on average net assets) of up to 1.00% on class M shares. The Trustees currently limit payments on class M shares to 0.50% of average net assets. Because these fees are paid out of the Fund's assets on an ongoing basis, they will increase the cost of the investor's investment.

For fiscal years 2023, 2024 and 2025, the Principal Underwriter received $3,850, $3,264 and $352, respectively, in total front-end sales charges for class M shares, of which it retained $345, $283 and $28, respectively.

Payments to dealers. If investors purchase their shares through a dealer, their dealer generally receives payments from the Principal Underwriter representing some or all of the sales charges and distribution and service (12b-1) fees, if any. The Principal Underwriter and its affiliates also pay additional compensation to selected dealers in recognition of their marketing support and/or program servicing (each of which is described in more detail below). These payments may create an incentive for a dealer firm or its representatives to recommend or offer shares of the Fund or other Putnam funds to its customers. These additional payments are made by the Principal Underwriter and its affiliates and do not increase the amount paid by the investor or the Fund.

The additional payments to dealers by the Principal Underwriter and its affiliates are generally based on one or more of the following factors: average net assets of a fund attributable to that dealer, sales or net sales of a fund attributable to that dealer, or reimbursement of ticket charges (fees that a dealer firm charges its representatives for effecting transactions in Fund shares), or on the basis of a negotiated lump sum payment for services provided.

Marketing support payments are generally available to most dealers engaging in significant sales of Putnam fund shares. These payments are individually negotiated with each dealer firm, taking into account the marketing support services provided by the dealer, including business planning assistance, educating dealer personnel about the Putnam funds and shareholder financial planning needs, placement on the dealer's preferred or recommended fund company list, access to sales meetings, sales representatives and management representatives of the dealer, market data, as well as the size of the dealer's relationship with the Principal Underwriter. Although the total amount of marketing support payments made to dealers in any year may vary, on average, the aggregate payments are not expected, on an annual basis, to exceed 0.085% of the average net assets of Putnam's retail mutual funds attributable to the dealers.

Program servicing payments, which are paid in some instances to dealers in connection with investments in the Fund through dealer platforms and other investment programs, are not expected, with certain limited exceptions, to exceed 0.20% of the total assets in the program on an annual basis. These payments are made for program or platform services provided by the dealer, including shareholder recordkeeping, reporting, or transaction processing, as well as services rendered in connection with dealer platform development and maintenance, fund/investment selection and monitoring or other similar services.

Other payments. The Principal Underwriter and its affiliates may make other payments (including payments in connection with educational seminars or conferences) or allow other promotional incentives to dealers to the extent permitted by SEC and U.S. National Association of Securities Dealers ("NASD") (as adopted by the U.S. Financial Industry Regulatory Authority ("FINRA")) rules and by other applicable laws and regulations. The Fund's transfer agent may also make payments to certain financial intermediaries in recognition of subaccounting or other services they provide to shareholders or plan participants who invest in the Fund or other Putnam funds through their retirement plan.

It is agreed and understood that the Shares of the Fund shall be offered by the Distributor to non-U.S. persons in Japan only and not to any "U.S. Person" as such person is defined below. In addition, if a shareholder becomes a U.S. Person after purchasing shares, the shareholder may hold shares continuously pursuant to the Account Contract (as defined below) but may not purchase additional shares from the Distributor in Japan.

A "U.S. Person" means any of the following: (1) a citizen or resident of the United States for U.S. federal income tax purposes; (2) a corporation, partnership or other legal entity organized under the law of the United States or any of its political subdivisions; (3) any estate, the income of which is subject to U.S. federal income taxation regardless of the source of its income; or (4) a trust (i) that validly elects to be treated as a U.S. person for U.S. federal income tax purposes or (ii)(a) the administration over which a U.S. court can exercise primary supervision and (b) all of the substantial decisions of which one or more U.S. persons have the authority to control. For purposes of this definition, the "United States" means the United States of America and any of its states, territories, possessions or the District of Columbia.

In Japan, Shares of the Fund are offered on any Business Day and any business day of a financial instruments firm in Japan during the Subscription Period mentioned in "Section 7. Period of Subscription, Part I Information concerning Securities" of a securities registration statement pursuant to the terms set forth in "Part I. Information concerning Securities" of the relevant securities registration statement. A Sales Handling Company shall provide to the investors a Contract Concerning a Foreign Securities Transactions Account and other prescribed contracts (the "Account Contract") and receive from such investors an application for requesting the opening of a transactions account under the Account Contract. Purchase may be made in the minimum investment amount of 200 shares and in integral multiples of 100 shares.

The issue price for Shares during the Subscription Period shall be, in principle, the net asset value per Share next calculated on the day on which the Fund has received such application. The Trade Day in Japan is the day when the Sales Handling Company confirms the execution of the order (ordinarily the business day in Japan next following the placement of orders), and payment and delivery shall be made on the fourth Business Day after and including the Trade Day. The sales charge in Japan shall be 3% of the amount obtained by deduction of the amount equivalent to 3% of the public offering price from such price (hereinafter referred to as the "Sales Price"). Any amount of the Sales Price over the net asset value shall be retained by the Principal Underwriter, principal underwriter of the Fund. The public offering price means the amount calculated by dividing the net asset value by (1- 0.0325) and rounding to three decimal places.

Investors who entrust a Sales Handling Company with safekeeping of the certificates for Fund shares will receive a trade balance report. In such case payment shall be made in Japanese yen in principal and the applicable exchange rate shall be the exchange rate determined by such Sales Handling Company to be based on the foreign exchange rate quoted in the Tokyo Foreign Exchange Market on the applicable Trade Day. The payment may be made in U.S. Dollars to the extent that the Sales Handling Companies agree.

In addition, Sales Handling Companies in Japan who are members of the JSDA cannot continue sales of the Shares in Japan when the net assets of the Fund are less than JPY 100,000,000 or the Shares otherwise cease to comply with the "Standards of Selection of Foreign Investment Fund Securities" in the "Regulations Concerning the Transactions of Foreign Securities" established by the Association.

Investors residing in the United States can sell their shares back to the Fund or exchange them for shares of another Putnam fund any day the NYSE is open, either through the investor's financial representative or directly to the Fund. If investors redeem their shares shortly after purchasing them, the redemption payment for the shares may be delayed until the Fund collects the purchase price of the shares, which may be up to 7 calendar days after the purchase date.

Regarding exchanges, not all Putnam funds offer all classes of shares or may be open to new investors. If an investor exchanges shares otherwise subject to a deferred sales charge, the transaction will not be subject to the deferred sales charge. When the investor redeems the shares acquired through the exchange, however, the redemption may be subject to the deferred sales charge, depending upon when and from which fund the investor originally purchased the shares. The deferred sales charge will be computed using the schedule of any fund into or from which the investor exchanged the shares that would result in the investor paying the highest deferred sales charge applicable to the investor's class of shares. For purposes of computing the deferred sales charge, the length of time an investor has owned shares will be measured from the date of original purchase, unless the investor originally purchased the shares from another Putnam fund that does not directly charge a deferred sales charge, in which case the length of time the investor has owned his or her shares will be measured from the date the investor exchanges those shares for shares of another Putnam fund that does charge a deferred sales charge, and will not be affected by any subsequent exchanges among funds.

By mail. An investor should send a letter of instruction signed by all registered owners or their legal representatives to the Investor Servicing Agent.

By telephone. An investor may use Putnam's telephone redemption privilege to redeem shares valued at less than $250,000 unless the investor has notified the Investor Servicing Agent of an address change within the preceding 15 days, in which case other requirements may apply. Unless the investor

indicates otherwise on the account application, the Investor Servicing Agent will be authorized to accept redemption instructions received by telephone. A telephone exchange privilege is currently available.

The telephone redemption and exchange privileges may be modified or terminated without notice.

The Fund also reserves the right to revise or terminate the exchange privilege, limit the amount or number of exchanges or reject any exchange. The fund into which an investor would like to exchange may also reject the investor's exchange. These actions may apply to all shareholders or only to those shareholders whose exchanges the Investment Management Company determines are likely to have a negative effect on the Fund or other Putnam funds. Investors are asked to consult the Investor Servicing Agent before requesting an exchange. Investors should ask their financial representative or the Investor Servicing Agent for prospectuses of other Putnam funds.

To the extent consistent with applicable laws and regulations, the Fund

reserves the right to satisfy all or a portion of a redemption request by distributing securities or other property in lieu of cash ("in-kind" redemptions), under both normal and stressed market conditions. The Fund generally expects to use in-kind redemptions only in stressed market conditions or stressed conditions specific to the Fund, such as redemption requests that represent a large percentage of the Fund's net assets in order to minimize the effect of the large redemption on the Fund and its remaining shareholders. The Fund will not use in-kind redemptions for retail investors who hold shares of the Fund through a financial intermediary. Any in-kind redemption will be effected through a pro rata distribution of all publicly traded portfolio securities or securities for which quoted bid prices are available, subject to certain exceptions. The securities distributed in an in-kind redemption will be valued in the same manner as they are valued for purposes of computing the Fund's net asset value. Once distributed in-kind to an investor, securities may increase or decrease in value before the investor is able to convert them into cash. Any transaction costs or other expenses involved in liquidating securities received in an in-kind redemption will be borne by the redeeming investor. The Fund has committed, in connection with an election under Rule 18f-1 under the 1940 Act, to pay all redemptions of Fund shares by a single shareholder during any 90-day period in cash, up to the lesser of (i) $250,000 or (ii) 1% of the Fund's net assets measured as of the beginning of such 90-day period. Investors should consult the Investor Servicing Agent. An investor will not receive interest on uncashed redemption checks.

Policy on excessive short-term trading

Risks of excessive short-term trading. Excessive short-term trading activity may reduce the Fund's performance and harm all Fund shareholders by interfering with portfolio management, increasing the Fund's expenses and diluting the Fund's net asset value. Depending on the size and frequency of short-term trades in the Fund's shares, the Fund may experience increased cash volatility, which could require the Fund to maintain undesirably large cash positions or buy or sell portfolio securities it would not have bought or sold otherwise. The need to execute additional portfolio transactions due to these cash flows may also increase the Fund's brokerage and administrative costs and, for investors in taxable accounts, may increase taxable distributions received from the Fund.

Because the Fund invests in non-U.S. securities, its performance may be adversely impacted and the interests of longer-term shareholders may be diluted as a result of time-zone arbitrage, a short-term trading practice that seeks to exploit changes in the value of the Fund's investments that result from events occurring after the close of the non-U.S. markets on which the investments trade, but prior to the later close of trading on the NYSE, the time as of which the Fund determines its net asset value. If an arbitrageur is successful, he or she may dilute the interests of other shareholders by trading shares at prices that do not fully reflect their fair value.

Because the Fund invests in securities that may trade infrequently or may be more difficult to value, such as lower-rated bonds, it may be susceptible to trading by short-term traders who seek to exploit perceived price inefficiencies in the Fund's investments. In addition, the market for these securities may at times show "market momentum," in which positive or negative performance may continue from one day to the next for reasons unrelated to the fundamentals of the issuer. Short-term traders may seek to capture this momentum by trading frequently in the Fund's shares, which will reduce the Fund's performance and may dilute the interests of other shareholders. Because lower-rated bonds may be less liquid than higher-rated bonds, the Fund may also be unable to buy or sell these securities at desirable prices when the need arises (for example, in response to volatile cash flows caused by short-term trading). Similar risks may apply if the Fund holds other types of less liquid securities.

Fund policies. In order to protect the interests of long-term shareholders of the Fund, the Investment Management Company and the Fund's Trustees have adopted policies and procedures intended to discourage excessive short-term trading. The Fund seeks to discourage excessive short-term trading by using fair value pricing procedures to value investments under some circumstances. In addition, the Investment Management Company monitors activity in those shareholder accounts about which it possesses, or otherwise obtains, the necessary information in order to detect excessive short-term trading patterns and takes steps to deter excessive short-term traders.

Account monitoring. The Investment Management Company's Compliance Department currently uses multiple reporting tools to detect short-term trading activity occurring in accounts for investors held directly with the Putnam funds as well as in accounts held through financial intermediaries. The Investment Management Company measures excessive short-term trading in the Fund by the

number of "round trip" transactions within a specified period of time. A "round trip" transaction is defined as a purchase or exchange into a fund followed, or preceded by, a redemption or exchange out of the same fund. If the Investment Management Company's Compliance Department determines that an investor has engaged in excessive short-term trading, the Investment Management Company will issue the investor and/or the investor's financial intermediary, if any, a written warning. The Investment Management Company's practices for measuring excessive short-term trading activity and issuing warnings may change from time to time. Some types of transactions are exempt from monitoring, including, but not limited to, those in connection with systematic investment or withdrawal plans and reinvestment of dividend and capital gain distributions.

Account restrictions. In addition to these monitoring practices, the Investment Management Company and the Fund reserve the right to reject or restrict purchases or exchanges (if applicable) for any reason. Continued excessive short-term trading activity by an investor or financial intermediary following a warning may lead to the termination of the exchange privilege for that investor or the financial intermediary initiating the trades on the investor's behalf. The Investment Management Company may determine that an investor's trading activity is excessive or otherwise potentially harmful based on various factors, including an investor's or financial intermediary's trading history in the Fund or other Putnam funds, and may aggregate activity in multiple accounts in the Fund or other Putnam funds that the Investment Management Company believes are under common ownership or control for purposes of determining whether the activity is excessive. If the Investment Management Company identifies an investor or financial intermediary engaging in excessive trading, it may revoke certain privileges, such as the telephone exchange privilege or the ability to initiate online exchanges via the Investment Management Company's Individual Investor website. The Investment Management Company may also temporarily or permanently bar the investor or financial intermediary from investing in the Fund or other Putnam funds. The Investment Management Company may take these steps in its discretion even if the investor's activity does not fall within the Investment Management Company's current monitoring parameters for the Fund.

Limitations on the Fund's policies. There is no guarantee that these policies will be able to detect excessive short-term trading in all accounts. For example, the Investment Management Company currently does not have access to sufficient information to identify each investor's trading history, and in certain circumstances there may be operational or technological constraints on its ability to enforce the Fund's policies. In addition, even when the Investment Management Company has sufficient information, its detection methods may not capture all excessive short-term trading.

In particular, many purchase, redemption and exchange orders are received from financial intermediaries that hold omnibus accounts with the Fund. Omnibus accounts are accounts in which shares are held in the name of a financial intermediary, such as a retirement plan sponsor, broker, adviser, or third-party administrator or recordkeeper, on behalf of its clients or participants, who are the beneficial owners of the Fund shares held in the omnibus account. The Investment Management Company monitors cash flows into and out of the Fund on an ongoing basis. If cash flows or other information indicate that excessive short-term trading may be taking place within an omnibus account, the Investment Management Company will contact the financial intermediary that maintains the omnibus account

to obtain information about trading activity of the beneficial owners and attempt to identify and remedy any excessive trading. However, the Investment Management Company's ability to monitor and deter excessive short-term traders in omnibus accounts ultimately depends on the capabilities and cooperation of the financial intermediaries that maintain the omnibus accounts. Financial intermediaries may impose different or additional limits on short-term trading.

Shareholders in Japan may at any time request repurchase of their Shares without a contingent deferred sales charge. Repurchase requests in Japan may be made to the Investor Servicing Agent through the Sales Handling Company on a Fund Business Day that is a business day of financial instruments firms in Japan. Repurchases (other than repurchases of all of an investor's Fund Shares) shall be made only in integral multiples of 100 shares.

The price a shareholder in Japan will receive is the next net asset value calculated after the Fund receives the repurchase request from the Distributor. The price shall be paid in Japanese yen through the Sales Handling Companies pursuant to the Contracts or, if the Sales Handling Companies agree, in U.S. Dollars. Payment for repurchase proceeds shall generally be made on the fourth business day of financial instruments firms in Japan after and including the Trade Day.

There is no limit to repurchase the shares.

The price of the Fund's shares is based on its net asset value. The net asset value per share of each class equals the total value of its assets, less its liabilities, divided by the number of its outstanding shares. Shares are only valued as of the scheduled close of regular trading on the NYSE each day the exchange is open.

The Fund values its investments for which market quotations are readily available at market value. It values all other investments and assets at their fair value, which may differ from recent market prices. Market quotations are not considered to be readily available for many debt securities. These securities are generally valued at fair value on the basis of valuations provided by an independent pricing service approved by the Fund's Trustees or dealers selected by the Investment Management Company. Pricing services and dealers determine valuations for normal institutional-size trading units of such securities using information with respect to transactions in the bond being valued, market transactions for comparable securities and various relationships, generally recognized by institutional traders, between securities. To the extent a pricing service or dealer is unable to value a security or provides a valuation that the Investment Management Company does not believe accurately reflects the security's fair value, the security will be valued at fair value by the Investment Management Company.

The Fund's most recent net asset value is available at franklintempleton.com or by contacting the Investor Servicing Agent at 1-800-225-1581.

The Fund determines the net asset value per share of each class of shares once each day the NYSE is open. Currently, the NYSE is closed Saturdays, Sundays and

the following holidays: New Year's Day, Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Day, Presidents' Day, Good Friday, Memorial Day, Juneteenth, the Fourth of July, Labor Day, Thanksgiving Day and Christmas Day. The Fund determines net asset value as of the close of regular trading on the NYSE, normally 4:00 p.m. U.S. Eastern Time.

Securities and other assets ("Securities") for which market quotations are readily available are valued at prices which, in the opinion of the Investment Management Company, most nearly represent the market values of such Securities. Currently, prices for these Securities are determined using the last reported sale price (or official closing price for Securities listed on certain markets) or, if no sales are reported (as in the case of some Securities traded over-the-counter), the mean between the last reported bid and ask prices, the "mid price" (prior to July 22, 2024, the last reported bid price was used). All other Securities are valued by the Investment Management Company or other parties at their fair value following procedures approved by the Trustees.

Reliable market quotations are not considered to be readily available for, among other Securities, long-term corporate bonds and notes, certain preferred stocks, tax-exempt securities, and certain non-U.S. securities. These investments are valued at fair value, generally on the basis of valuations furnished by approved pricing services, which determine valuations for normal, institutional-size trading units of such securities using methods based on market transactions for comparable securities and various relationships between securities that are generally recognized by institutional traders. Other Securities, such as various types of options, are valued at fair value on the basis of valuations furnished by broker-dealers or other market intermediaries.

The Investment Management Company values all other Securities at fair value using its internal resources. The valuation procedures applied in any specific instance are likely to vary from case to case. However, consideration is generally given to the financial position of the issuer and other fundamental analytical data relating to the investment and to the nature of the restrictions on disposition of the Securities (including any registration expenses that might be borne by the Fund in connection with such disposition). In addition, specific factors are also generally considered, such as the cost of the investment, the market value of any unrestricted Securities of the same class, the size of the holding, the prices of any recent transactions or offers with respect to such Securities and any available analysts' reports regarding the issuer. In the case of Securities that are restricted as to resale, the Investment Management Company determines fair value based on the inherent worth of the Security without regard to the restrictive feature, adjusted for any diminution in value resulting from the restrictive feature.

Generally, trading in certain Securities (such as non-U.S. securities) is substantially completed each day at various times before the close of the NYSE. The closing prices for these Securities in markets or on exchanges outside the U.S. that close before the close of the NYSE may not fully reflect events that occur after such close but before the close of the NYSE. As a result, the Fund has adopted fair value pricing procedures under which, among other things, the Investment Management Company monitors price movements by using a fair value pricing service offered through an independent pricing vendor. In addition, Securities held by the Fund may be traded in non-U.S. markets that are open for business on days that the Fund is not, and the trading of such Securities on those days may have an impact on the value of a

shareholder's investment at a time when the shareholder cannot buy and sell shares of the Fund.

Currency exchange rates used in valuing Securities are normally determined as of 4:00 p.m. Eastern Time. Occasionally, events affecting such exchange rates may occur between the time of the determination of exchange rates and the close of the NYSE, which, in the absence of fair valuation, would not be reflected in the computation of the Fund's NAV. If events materially affecting the currency exchange rates occur during such period, then the exchange rates used in valuing affected Securities will be valued by the Investment Management Company at their fair value following procedures approved by the Trustees.

In addition, because of the amount of time required to collect and process trading information as to large numbers of securities issues, the values of certain Securities (such as convertible bonds, U.S. government securities and tax-exempt securities) are determined based on market quotations collected before the close of the NYSE. Occasionally, events affecting the value of such Securities may occur between the time of the determination of value and the close of the NYSE, which, in the absence of fair value prices, would not be reflected in the computation of the Fund's net asset value. If events materially affecting the value of such Securities occur during such period, then these Securities will be valued by the Investment Management Company at their fair value following procedures approved by the Trustees. It is expected that any such instance would be very rare.

The fair value of Securities is generally determined as the amount that the Fund could reasonably expect to realize from an orderly disposition of such Securities over a reasonable period of time. By its nature, a fair value price is a good faith estimate of the value of a Security at a given point in time and does not reflect an actual market price. The Fund may also value its Securities at fair value under other circumstances pursuant to procedures approved by the Trustees.

The Fund translates prices for its investments quoted in non-U.S. currencies into U.S. dollars at current exchange rates, which are generally determined as of 4:00 p.m. Eastern Time each day the NYSE is open. As a result, changes in the value of those currencies in relation to the U.S. Dollar may affect the Fund's NAV. Because non-US markets may be open at different times than the NYSE, the value of the Fund's shares may change on days when shareholders are not able to buy or sell them. Many securities markets and exchanges outside the United States close before the close of the NYSE, and the closing prices for securities in those markets or exchanges may not fully reflect events that occur after the close but before the scheduled close of regular trading on the NYSE. As a result, the Fund has adopted fair value pricing procedures, under which, among other things, require the Investment Management Company monitors price movements by using a fair value pricing service offered through an independent pricing vendor. As noted above, the value determined for an investment using the Fund's fair value pricing procedures may differ from recent market prices for the investment.

If the Investment Management Company identifies a pricing error in the Fund's net asset value calculation, a corrective action may be taken in accordance with the Investment Management Company's pricing procedures. If the pricing error affects the net asset value of the Fund by less than one cent per share, the error is not considered material, and no action is necessary. If the pricing error affects the net asset value of the Fund by one cent per share or more, and subject to review of the

general facts and circumstances of the pricing error, the Fund will not reprocess a shareholder account if the error in the net asset value calculation is less than 0.5% of net assets per share. Conversely, the Fund will adjust a shareholder account if an error is 0.5% or more of net assets per share.

Share certificates shall be held by Shareholders at their own risk.

The custody of the Share certificates (if issued) representing Shares sold to Japanese Shareholders shall, unless otherwise instructed by the Shareholder, be held, in the name of the custodian, by the custodian of the Distributor. Trade balance reports shall be delivered by the Sales Handling Companies to the Japanese Shareholders.

Unless terminated, the Fund shall continue without limitation of time.

The fiscal year of the Fund will be closed each year on the 31st of October.

The Fund may not suspend shareholders' right of redemption, or postpone payment for more than seven days, unless the NYSE is closed for other than customary weekends or holidays, or if permitted by the rules of the SEC during periods when trading on the NYSE is restricted or during any emergency which makes it impracticable for the Fund to dispose of its securities or to determine fairly the value of its net assets, or during any other period permitted by order of the SEC for protection of investors.

The Fund or any series or class of any series may be terminated at any time (i) by the Trustees by written notice to the Shareholders of the Fund or to the Shareholders of the particular series or class, as the case may be, or (ii) by the affirmative vote of the lesser of (1) more than 50% of the outstanding Shares of each series or class entitled to vote, or (2) 67% or more of the Shares of each series or class entitled to vote and present at a meeting called for this purpose if more than 50% of the outstanding Shares of each series or class entitled to vote are present at the meeting in person or by proxy.

The number of shares authorized is unlimited, and Shares may be issued from time to time.

Originals or copies of the Agreement and Declaration of Trust, as amended, are on file in the United States with the Secretary of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts and with the Boston City Clerk.

The Agreement and Declaration of Trust may be amended at any time by an instrument in writing signed by a majority of the then Trustees when authorized to do so by a vote of the Shareholders, provided that Shareholder authorization shall not be

required in the case of any amendment (i) having the purpose of changing the name of the Fund or of supplying any omission, curing any ambiguity or curing, correcting or supplementing any defective or inconsistent provision contained in the Declaration Trust or (ii) which is determined by the Trustees in their sole discretion not to have a material adverse effect on the Shareholders of any series or class of Shares.

In Japan, material changes in the Agreement and Declaration of Trust shall be published and notice thereof shall be sent to the Japanese Shareholders.

The Fund may not grant privileges to purchase shares of the Fund to shareholders or investors by issuing warrants, subscription rights or options, or other similar rights.

The Management Contract was effective upon its execution and remained in full force and effect as to the Fund continuously thereafter for an initial term ending on June 30, 2025, and continues in effect from year to year thereafter (unless terminated automatically as set forth in Section 4 thereof or terminated in accordance with the following paragraph) so long as such continuance is approved at least annually by (i) the Trustees, or the shareholders by the affirmative vote of a majority of the outstanding shares of the Fund, and, in either case, (ii) a majority of the Trustees who are not interested persons of the Fund or of the Investment Management Company, by vote cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose of voting on such approval.

Either party thereto may at any time terminate the contract as to the Fund by not less than 60 days' written notice delivered or mailed by registered mail, postage prepaid, to the other party. Action with respect to the Fund may be taken either (i) by vote of a majority of the Trustees or (ii) by the affirmative vote of a majority of the outstanding shares of the Fund. Such terminations will be without the payment of any penalty.

As stated above, the "affirmative vote of a majority of the outstanding shares" means the affirmative vote, at a duly called and held meeting of the shareholders of the Fund, (a) of the holders of 67% or more of the shares of the Fund present (in person or by proxy) and entitled to vote at the meeting, if the holders of more than 50% of the outstanding shares of the Fund entitled to vote at the meeting are present in person or by proxy or (b) of the holders of more than 50% of the outstanding shares of the Fund entitled to vote at the meeting, whichever is less.

The Management Contract will automatically terminate, without the payment of any penalty, in the event of its assignment.

No amendment of the Management Contract is effective until approved in a manner consistent with the 1940 Act, the rules and regulations under the 1940 Act and any applicable guidance or interpretation of the SEC or its staff.

The Sub-Management Contract may be terminated with respect to the Fund at any time without penalty by vote of the Trustees or the shareholders of the Fund, or by the Sub-Investment Management Company or the Investment Management Company, on not more than 60 days' written notice. The Sub-Management Contract also terminates automatically in the event of its assignment, and upon any termination of the Management Contract between the Investment Management Company and the Fund. The Sub-Management Contract provides that it will continue in effect only so long as such continuance is approved at least annually by vote of either the Trustees or the shareholders, and, in either case, by a majority of the Trustees who are not "interested persons" of the Investment Management Company or the Fund. The Sub-Management Contract shall not be amended with respect to the Fund unless such amendment is approved at a meeting by the vote, cast at a meeting called for the purpose of voting on such approval, of a majority of the Trustees of the Fund who are not interested persons of the Fund or of the Investment Management Company and the Sub-Investment Management Company. In each of the foregoing cases, the vote of the shareholders is the affirmative vote of a "majority of the outstanding voting securities" as defined in the 1940 Act.

The Global Custody Agreement with the Custodian had an initial term of five (5) years, which ended on March 1, 2025. Following the initial term, this agreement shall be in effect until a valid termination notice is given by (i) the Fund, upon at least sixty (60) days' prior written notice to the Custodian, or (ii) the Custodian upon at least one hundred and eighty (180) days' prior written notice to the Fund.

The agreement is construed, and the provisions thereof interpreted under and in accordance with the laws of the United States or the State of New York, as applicable.

The Fund became a party to the Global Custody Agreement through the Eighth Joinder to the Global Custody Agreement, dated March 1, 2020, between the Fund and the Custodian, entered into as of May 6, 2024.

The Amended & Restated Investor Servicing Agreement - Open-End Funds became effective July 1, 2013 and remains in full force and effect until terminated as provided in the agreement. It may be terminated by the Fund upon not less than 90 days' written notice to the Investor Servicing Agent and by the Investor Servicing Agent upon not less than six months' written notice to the Fund.

This agreement is construed and enforced in accordance with the laws of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts.

The Agent Company Agreement shall be effective until terminated upon notice, 30 days prior to the termination date, in writing to the other party to this agreement.

This agreement shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of Japan.

Either party to the agreement may terminate the Japan Dealer Sales Contract, without cause upon 30 days' written notice to the other party. Either party to the agreement may also terminate this contract for cause upon the violation by the other party of any of the provisions thereof, such termination to become effective on the date such notice of termination is mailed to the other party.

The contract and the rights and obligations of the parties thereunder shall be governed by and construed under the laws of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts.

Shareholders must register their shares in their own name in order to exercise directly their rights as Shareholders. Therefore, the Shareholders in Japan who entrust the custody of their Shares to the Sales Handling Company cannot exercise directly their Shareholder rights, because their Shares are registered in the name of the custodian. Shareholders in Japan may have the Sales Handling Companies exercise their rights on their behalf in accordance with the Account Agreement with the Sales Handling Companies.

Shareholders in Japan who do not entrust the custody of their Shares to the Sales Handling Companies may exercise their rights in accordance with their own arrangement under their own responsibility.

The major rights enjoyed by Shareholders are as follows:

 Each share has one vote, with fractional shares voting proportionally. Shares of all classes vote together as a single class except when otherwise required by law or as determined by the Trustees. Although the Fund is not required to hold annual meetings of its shareholders, shareholders holding at least 10% of the outstanding shares entitled to vote have the right, under certain circumstances, to call a meeting to elect or remove Trustees, or to take other actions as provided in the Agreement and Declaration of Trust.

 Shareholders are entitled to request repurchase of Shares at their Net Asset Value at any time.

 Shareholders generally receive any distribution from net investment income monthly and any net realized capital gains annually.

 Shareholders may choose to reinvest distributions from net investment income, capital gains or both in additional shares of the Fund or other Putnam funds, or they may receive them in cash in the form of a check or an electronic

deposit to a bank account. Investors in Japan must receive all distributions in cash.

 Shareholders of the Fund are entitled to receive distributions upon dissolution in proportion to the number of shares they then hold, except as otherwise required.

 Shareholders are entitled to inspect the Agreement and Declaration of Trust in the offices of the Secretary of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. The Trustees shall from time to time determine whether and to what extent, at what times and places and under what conditions and regulations any of the accounts and books of the Fund shall be open to the inspection of the Shareholders, and no Shareholder shall have any right to inspect any account or book or document of the Fund except as conferred by law or otherwise by the Fund or by the Bylaws.

 Shares are transferable without restriction except as limited by applicable law.

 If, under the 1933 Act, there is, at any time after it became effective, any material false or misleading statement in the Fund's U.S. registration statement, or any omission of any material statement required to be stated therein or necessary to cause the statements made therein, in light of the circumstances, to be not misleading, shareholders are generally entitled to institute a lawsuit, against the person who had signed the relevant Registration Statement, the trustees of the issuer (or any person placed in the same position), any person involved in preparing such registration statement or any underwriter of the relevant shares.

In the United States, there are no foreign exchange control restrictions on remittance of dividends, repurchase money, etc. of the Shares to Japanese Shareholders.

Mori Hamada & Matsumoto

Marunouchi Park Building

6-1, Marunouchi 2-chome

Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo

The foregoing law firm is the true and lawful agent of the Fund to represent and act for the Fund in Japan for the purposes of:

(a)   the receipt of any and all communications, claims, actions, proceedings and processes as to matters involving problems under the laws and the rules and regulations of the JSDA and

(b)   representation in and out of court in connection with any and all disputes, controversies or differences regarding the transactions relating to the public offering, sale and repurchase in Japan of the Shares of the Fund.

The agent for the registration with the Director of Kanto Local Finance Bureau of the Ministry of Finance of Japan of the continuous disclosure and for the filing of the notification with the Commissioner of the Financial Services Agency is each of the following persons:

Nobuharu Onishi

Attorney-at-law

Mori Hamada & Matsumoto

Marunouchi Park Building

6-1, Marunouchi 2-chome

Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo

The Fund acknowledges that the following court shall have jurisdiction over litigations related to transactions in the Units of the Fund acquired by Japanese investors:

Tokyo District Court

1-4, Kasumigaseki 1-chome

Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo

Enforcement proceedings of a final and definitive judgment on such litigation will be conducted in accordance with the applicable laws of the relevant jurisdiction.

[In Japanese version, audited financial accounts of the Fund for fiscal year ended on October 2025 and 2024, and their Japanese translation are incorporated here.]

Statement of Net Assets

The transfer agent for the registered share certificates is Putnam Investor Services, Inc., 100 Federal Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02110, U. S. A.

The Japanese investors who entrust the custody of their shares to a Sales Handling Company shall have their shares transferred under the responsibility of such company, and the other investors shall make their own arrangements.

No fee is chargeable for the transfer of shares.

There are no annual shareholders' meetings. Special shareholders' meetings may be held from time to time as required by the Agreement and Declaration of Trust and the 1940 Act.

No special privilege is granted to Shareholders.

The acquisition of Shares by any person may be restricted.

Not applicable.

See "PART I. INFORMATION CONCERNING THE FUND, I. DESCRIPTION OF THE FUND, 1. NATURE OF THE FUND, (3) Structure of the Fund, (iii) Trustees" above.

The Fund may carry out any administrative and managerial acts, including the purchase, sale, subscription and exchange of any securities, and the exercise of all rights directly or indirectly pertaining to the Fund's assets.

Franklin Advisers, Inc. serves as the Trust's Investment Management Company. JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., the Fund's custodian, is responsible for maintaining the Fund's assets, keeping all necessary accounts and records of Fund assets, and appointing any non-U.S. sub-custodians or non-U.S. securities depositories.

Not applicable.

Portfolio securities of the Fund may not be purchased from or sold or loaned to any Trustee of the Fund, the Investment Management Company, acting as investment adviser of the Fund, or any affiliate thereof or any of their directors, officers, or employees, or any affiliated person thereof (including any shareholder who holds to the actual knowledge of the Investment Management Company, on his own account whether in his own or other name (as well as a nominee's name), 5% or more of the total issued outstanding shares of such a company) acting as principal or for their own account unless the transaction is made within the investment restrictions set forth in the Fund's prospectus and statement of additional information and is consistent with the Fund's current compliance policy pursuant to Rule 17a-7 under the 1940 Act.

The number of Trustees is fixed by the Trustees and may not be less than three. A Trustee may be elected either by the Trustees or by the shareholders. A Trustee may be removed (i) by vote of the holders of two-thirds of the outstanding shares at a meeting called for the purpose or (ii) by vote of two-thirds of the Trustees. Each Trustee elected by the Trustees or the shareholders shall serve until he or she retires, resigns, is removed, or dies or until the next meeting of shareholders called for the purpose of electing Trustees and until the election and qualification of his or her successor.

The Agreement and Declaration of Trust may be amended at any time by an instrument in writing signed by a majority of the then Trustees when authorized to do so by a vote of the Shareholders, provided that Shareholder authorization shall not be required in the case of any amendment (i) having the purpose of changing the name of the Fund or of supplying any omission, curing any ambiguity or curing, correcting or supplementing any defective or inconsistent provision contained in the Declaration Trust or (ii) which is determined by the Trustees in their sole discretion not to have a material adverse effect on the Shareholders of any series or class of Shares.

Nothing which has or which would have a material adverse effect on the Fund has occurred which has not been disclosed. The fiscal year end of the Fund is October 31.

U.S. $ 78,245 thousand* (approximately JPY 12.0 billion) (unaudited) as of the end of December, 2025.

  * consists of common stock and additional paid-in capital.

Franklin Advisers, Inc., One Franklin Parkway, San Mateo, CA 94403, is the Fund's investment management company (the Investment Management Company). The Investment Management Company is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Franklin Templeton. Together, Investment Management Company and its affiliates manage, as of December 31, 2025, approximately $1.68 trillion in assets, and have been in the investment management business since 1947.

U.S. $70,669 thousand*  (approximately JPY 10.9 billion) (unaudited) as of the end of December, 2025.

*Consists of common stock, preferred stock and additional paid-in capital.

Franklin Templeton Investment Management Limited is a company incorporated in England on April 3, 1985 with a principal place of business in London, England and a branch office conducting investment advisory business in Edinburgh, Scotland. FTIML is an indirect, wholly-owned subsidiary of Franklin Templeton.

U.S. $ 354,390 thousand* (approximately JPY 54.5 billion) (unaudited) as of the end of December, 2025.

  * consists of all components of capital.

Putnam Investment Management, LLC 100 Federal Street, Boston MA 02110 is the Fund's sub-adviser (the "Sub-Adviser"). The Sub-Adviser is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Franklin Templeton.

Total consolidated shareholder's equity: U.S. $ 331.953 billion (JPY51,008 billion) (unaudited) as of the end of September, 2025.

JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. is a is a wholly-owned subsidiary of JPMorgan Chase & Co., and acts as a private bank that offers personal and business banking, real estate lending, wealth planning, brokerage and capital financing solutions with investment advisory services.

U.S. $43,254 thousand* (approximately JPY 6.6 billion) (unaudited) as of the end of December, 2025.

  * Consists of all components of capital- common stock, additional paid-in capital and retained earnings.

Putnam Investor Services, Inc. is a Massachusetts corporation and is an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of Franklin Templeton, parent company of the Investment Management Company.

U.S. $ 62,502 thousand* (approximately JPY 9.6 billion) (unaudited) as of the end of December, 2025.

  * Consists of all components of capital. Excludes Parent Company relationship.

Franklin Distributors, LLC, located at One Franklin Parkway, San Mateo, CA 94403-1906, is the Fund's principal underwriter. Franklin Distributors, LLC is a registered broker-dealer, a member of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, and an indirect, wholly-owned subsidiary of Franklin Templeton.

U.S. $ 1,835,428,296*  (approximately JPY 282.0 billion) (unaudited) as of the end of December, 2025.

*Consists of all components of capital.

Franklin Templeton Services, LLC is an indirect, wholly-owned subsidiary of Franklin Templeton. Franklin Templeton Services, LLC provides include preparing

and maintaining books, records, and tax and financial reports, and monitoring compliance with regulatory requirements.

JPY 125,167 million as of the end of December, 2025.

Mizuho Securities Co., Ltd. is a first financial instruments firm in Japan under the Financial Instruments and Exchange Law. Mizuho Securities Co., Ltd. engages in handling the sales and redemptions of the Fund shares for the offering of foreign investment funds.

Franklin Advisers, Inc. acts as investment manager of the Fund and investment adviser concerning the Fund's assets.

Franklin Templeton Investment Management Limited provides investment advisory services for a portion of the Fund's assets as determined by the Investment Management Company.

Putnam Investment Management, LLC provides sub-advisory services for a portion of the Fund's assets.

JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. provides custody and sub-administration services to the Fund.

Putnam Investor Services, Inc. provides shareholder services to the Fund.

Franklin Distributors, LLC engages in providing marketing services to the Fund.

Franklin Templeton Services, LLC provides certain administrative services for a portion of the Fund's assets as determined by the Investment Management Company.

The Company acts as a Distributor in Japan and Agent Company for the Fund in connection with the offering of shares in Japan.

100% of the interests in the Investment Management Company, the Sub-Adviser, the Sub-Investment Management Company, the Investor Servicing Agent, the Principal Underwriter and the Sub-Administrator are held indirectly by Franklin Templeton.

[Please refer to the attached "Outline of System of Investment Trusts in MA".]

(1)   As to information set forth from the cover page to the page before the main text of the Prospectus.

(2)   The following sentence may be included as investment risks in the Mandatory Prospectus.

PART I.   INFORMATION CONCERNING THE FUND

The description in this item is the same as the description in PART II., I. DESCRIPTION OF THE FUND of the Securities Registration Statement set forth before.

The description in this item is the same as the description in PART II., II. MANAGEMENT AND ADMINISTRATION of the Securities Registration Statement set forth before.