Outcomes of EFSA's scientific colloquium 28 “Assessing indirect effects of pesticides in environmental risk assessment” (Brussels, Belgium, 18 June 2025)

The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) convened a scientific colloquium to support two mandates from the European Commission to: (1) review and update the terrestrial ecotoxicology guidance; and (2) develop a framework/guidance for assessing indirect effects on biodiversity, particularly those mediated through trophic interactions. The event brought together experts and stakeholders to explore how indirect effects of plant protection products (PPPs) can be better integrated into prospective environmental risk assessment (ERA). Scientific presentations highlighted the ecological complexity of indirect effects, the central role of trophic interactions, and the vulnerability of ecosystem services. Speakers advocated for a stepwise, systems‐based approach to ERA, supported by modelling tools and landscape‐scale assessments, to reflect real‐world exposure scenarios and ecological dynamics. The panel debate reinforced the importance of model transparency, data sharing, interdisciplinary collaboration, and regulatory coherence. Thematic breakout groups explored four key topics: (1) integrating indirect effects into ERA; (2) mitigating risks through improved agronomic and landscape practices; (3) identifying regulatory and research needs; and (4) harmonising fragmented frameworks. Participants called for refined specific protection goals, better data sharing, and practical tools to link direct and indirect effects. They also emphasised the need for adaptive governance, early stakeholder engagement, and co‐creation of guidance. The colloquium is part of a shift toward more inclusive, transparent, and ecologically relevant ERA processes. Insights gathered will inform EFSA's ongoing work and contribute to the development of a harmonised EU framework for assessing indirect effects of PPPs, supporting both biodiversity conservation and sustainable agriculture.