Two Harbors Investment Corp.
04/29/2026 | Press release | Distributed by Public on 04/29/2026 06:47
Quarterly Report for Quarter Ending March 31, 2026 (Form 10-Q)
Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
The following discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q as well as our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2025.
General
We are a Maryland corporation that invests in, finances and manages mortgage servicing rights ("MSR") and Agency residential mortgage-backed securities ("RMBS"), and, through our operational platform, RoundPoint Mortgage Servicing LLC ("RoundPoint"), we are one of the largest servicers of conventional loans in the country. Agency refers to a U.S. government sponsored enterprise ("GSE"), such as the Federal National Mortgage Association ("Fannie Mae"), or the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation ("Freddie Mac"), or a U.S. government agency such as the Government National Mortgage Association ("Ginnie Mae"). We are structured as an internally-managed real estate investment trust ("REIT") and our common stock is listed on the New York Stock Exchange ("NYSE") under the symbol "TWO." We seek to leverage our core competencies of understanding and managing interest rate and prepayment risk to invest in our portfolio of MSR and Agency RMBS. Our objective is to deliver more stable performance, relative to RMBS portfolios without MSR, across changing market environments, and we are acutely focused on creating sustainable stockholder value over the long term.
One of our wholly owned subsidiaries, TH MSR Holdings LLC, holds the requisite approvals from Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac to own and manage MSR, which represent a contractual right to control the servicing of a mortgage loan, the obligation to service the loan in accordance with applicable laws and requirements and the right to collect a fee for the performance of servicing activities, such as collecting principal and interest from a borrower and distributing those payments to the owner of the loan. TH MSR Holdings acquires MSR from third-party originators through flow and bulk purchases, as well as through the recapture of MSR on loans in its MSR portfolio that refinance. TH MSR Holdings also acquires MSR on loans originated by its wholly owned subsidiary, RoundPoint, through purchases and recapture of MSR. TH MSR Holdings does not directly service mortgage loans; instead, it engages RoundPoint to handle substantially all servicing functions for the mortgage loans underlying its MSR. Our MSR business leverages our core competencies in prepayment and interest rate risk analytics, and the MSR assets may provide offsetting risks to our Agency RMBS, hedging both interest rate and mortgage spread risk.
RoundPoint has approvals from Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac and Ginnie Mae to service residential mortgage loans. RoundPoint services originated or purchased mortgage loans held-for-sale, mortgage loans underlying TH MSR Holdings' MSR, and mortgage loans underlying MSR owned by third parties. RoundPoint also operates an in-house, direct-to-consumer originations platform, which was established primarily to benefit our MSR portfolio through the retention or recapture of existing borrowers by providing them with competitive refinance and purchase mortgage options. The originations platform also originates both first and second mortgages for new borrowers that do not currently have a mortgage loan serviced by RoundPoint and brokers second lien loans to our existing borrowers. For our own MSR portfolio, adding new or recaptured MSR through our origination platform is intended to hedge faster than expected MSR prepayment speeds in a refinance environment, and requires less capital relative to acquiring MSR through flow and bulk purchases from third-party originators. In addition, origination activities are generally counter-cyclical to MSR; MSR fair value tends to move opposite to origination volume. For example, the value of MSR typically increases in periods marked by low origination activity and vice versa. Thus, origination activities provide supplementary sources of profitability to our stockholders while also hedging our MSR.
Our Agency RMBS portfolio is comprised primarily of fixed rate mortgage-backed securities backed by single-family and multi-family mortgage loans. All of our principal and interest Agency RMBS are Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac mortgage pass-through certificates or collateralized mortgage obligations, or Ginnie Mae mortgage pass-through certificates, which are backed by the guarantee of the U.S. government. The majority of our Agency RMBS portfolio is comprised of whole pool certificates.
We seek to deploy moderate leverage as part of our investment strategy. We generally finance our Agency RMBS through short- and long-term borrowings structured as repurchase agreements. We also finance our MSR through revolving credit facilities and repurchase agreements. Additionally, we finance our origination of mortgage loans through repurchase agreements and warehouse lines of credit. We have also issued unsecured debt, namely senior notes and convertible senior notes, the funds from which have been and may be used to purchase our target assets and/or for other general corporate purposes. Our convertible senior notes of $261.9 million in unpaid principal balance ("UPB") were repaid in full on their January 15, 2026 maturity date.
We have elected to be treated as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes. To qualify as a REIT we are required to meet certain investment and operating tests and annual distribution requirements. We generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income taxes on our taxable income to the extent that we annually distribute all of our net taxable income to stockholders, do not participate in prohibited transactions and maintain our intended qualification as a REIT. However, certain activities that we may perform may cause us to earn income which will not be qualifying income for REIT purposes. We have designated certain of our subsidiaries as taxable REIT subsidiaries ("TRSs") as defined in the Internal Revenue Code, to engage in such activities. We also operate our business in a manner that will permit us to maintain our exemption from registration under the Investment Company Act of 1940 (the "1940 Act"). Certain of our subsidiaries have obtained the requisite licenses and approvals to own and manage MSR and to originate and directly service residential mortgage loans.
On March 27, 2026, we entered into a definitive agreement (the "Original CCM Merger Agreement") for CrossCountry Intermediate Holdco, LLC ("CCM") to acquire all of the outstanding shares of our common stock in an all-cash transaction (the "CCM Merger"). On April 28, 2026, we and CCM entered into an amendment to the Original CCM Merger Agreement (the "Amendment" and, the Original CCM Merger Agreement, as amended by the Amendment, the "Amended CCM Merger Agreement"). The Amendment, among other things, provides that, at the effective time of the CCM Merger, each outstanding share of our common stock will be converted into the right to receive an amount in cash equal to $11.30 per share, an increase from the $10.80 per share consideration under the Original CCM Merger Agreement. Subject to the terms and conditions of the Amended CCM Merger Agreement, at the effective time, each outstanding share of our 8.125% Series A Fixed-to-Floating Rate Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock, 7.625% Series B Fixed-to-Floating Rate Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock and 7.25% Series C Fixed-to-Floating Rate Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock (collectively, the "Preferred Stock"), will remain issued and outstanding. Promptly after the effective time, the surviving company will deliver a notice of redemption to its preferred stockholders, in accordance with our Articles of Amendment and Restatement, and the Articles Supplementary thereto, and its Amended and Restated Bylaws. Following the effective time, when required in connection with the redemption of the Preferred Stock, CCM, on our behalf, will irrevocably set aside and deposit, separate and apart from its other funds, in trust for the benefit of our preferred stockholders, cash in immediately available funds in the amount of $25.00 per outstanding share of Preferred Stock, plus any accumulated and unpaid dividends thereon (whether or not authorized or declared) to, but not including, the redemption date (the "Preferred Stock Redemption Amount"). On the redemption date set forth in the notice of redemption, each share of Preferred Stock will be redeemed for an amount in cash equal to the Preferred Stock Redemption Amount. The CCM Merger is expected to close in the second half of 2026, subject to approval of our common stockholders and the satisfaction of other closing conditions, including customary regulatory approvals.
As previously disclosed, on December 17, 2025, we entered into a definitive agreement and plan of merger (the "UWM Merger Agreement") with UWM Holdings Corporation ("UWM"). Following the determination that we had received a "Company Superior Proposal," as defined in the UWM Merger Agreement, from CCM, and after considering UWM's proposed revisions to the UWM Merger Agreement in consultation with our financial advisors and outside legal counsel, on March 27, 2026, prior to entering into the Original CCM Merger Agreement, we delivered to UWM a written notice terminating the UWM Merger Agreement. In connection with the termination of the UWM Merger Agreement, CCM, on our behalf, paid UWM a termination fee of $25.4 million in cash as required by the terms of the UWM Merger Agreement (the "UWM Termination Fee"). For the three months ended March 31, 2026, we incurred the UWM Termination Fee of $25.4 million; however this amount was economically and contractually offset through the corresponding payment made by CCM, and accordingly, the UWM Termination Fee did not result in a net impact to our consolidated financial statements.
Forward-Looking Statements
This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains, or incorporates by reference, not only historical information, but also forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "Securities Act"), and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the "Exchange Act"), and that are subject to the safe harbors created by such sections. Forward-looking statements involve numerous risks and uncertainties. Our actual results may differ from our beliefs, expectations, estimates, and projections and, consequently, you should not rely on these forward-looking statements as predictions of future events. Forward-looking statements are not historical in nature and can be identified by words such as "anticipate," "estimate," "will," "should," "expect," "target," "believe," "intend," "seek," "plan," "goals," "future," "likely," "may," "optimistic" and similar expressions or their negative forms, or by references to strategy, plans, or intentions. These forward-looking statements are subject to risks and uncertainties, including, among other things, those described in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2025, under the caption "Risk Factors." Other risks, uncertainties and factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those projected are described below and may be described from time to time in reports we file with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the "SEC") including our Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q and Current Reports on Form 8-K. Forward-looking statements speak only as of the date they are made, and we undertake no obligation to update or revise any such forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events, or otherwise.
On March 27, 2026, we entered into the Original CCM Merger Agreement, as amended by the Amendment on April 28, 2026, pursuant to which we will merge with and into a merger subsidiary of CCM, with the merger subsidiary continuing as a wholly owned subsidiary of CCM. The forward-looking statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, other than the statements regarding the proposed CCM Merger, do not assume the consummation of the proposed CCM Merger unless specifically stated otherwise.
Important factors, among others, that may affect our actual results include:
•risks relating to the pending CCM Merger, including: the occurrence of any event, change or other circumstances that could delay or prevent closing of the pending CCM Merger or give rise to the termination of the Amended CCM Merger Agreement; unanticipated costs or restrictions resulting from regulatory review of the CCM Merger; restrictions on our business activities imposed by the Amended CCM Merger Agreement; costs incurred in connection with the CCM Merger; and litigation risks relating to the CCM Merger;
•changes in interest rates and the market value of our target assets;
•changes in prepayment rates of mortgages underlying our target assets;
•the state of the credit markets and other general economic conditions, particularly as they affect the price of earning assets, the credit status of borrowers and home prices;
•legislative and regulatory actions, including executive orders, affecting our business;
•the availability and cost of our target assets;
•the availability and cost of financing for our target assets, including repurchase agreement financing, warehouse lines of credit, revolving credit facilities and senior notes;
•the impact of any increases in payment delinquencies and defaults on the mortgages comprising and underlying our target assets, including additional servicing costs and servicing advance obligations on the MSR assets we own;
•changes in liquidity in the market for real estate securities, the re-pricing of credit risk in the capital markets, inaccurate ratings of securities by rating agencies, rating agency downgrades of securities, and increases in the supply of real estate securities available-for-sale;
•changes in the values of securities we own and the impact of adjustments reflecting those changes on our consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss) and balance sheets, including our stockholders' equity;
•our ability to generate cash flow from our target assets;
•our ability to effectively execute and realize the benefits of strategic transactions and initiatives we have pursued or may in the future pursue;
•changes in the competitive landscape within our industry, including changes that may affect our ability to attract and retain personnel;
•our exposure to legal and regulatory claims, penalties or enforcement activities, including those arising from our ownership and management of MSR and prior securitization transactions;
•our exposure to counterparties involved in our MSR business and prior securitization transactions and our ability to enforce representations and warranties made by them;
•our ability to acquire MSR and successfully operate our seller-servicer subsidiaries;
•our ability to manage various operational and regulatory risks associated with our business, including the risks associated with operating a mortgage loan servicer and originator;
•interruptions in or impairments to our communications and information technology systems;
•our ability to maintain appropriate internal controls over financial reporting;
•our ability to establish, adjust and maintain appropriate hedges for the risks in our portfolio;
•our ability to maintain our REIT qualification for U.S. federal income tax purposes; and
•limitations imposed on our business due to our REIT status and our status as exempt from registration under the 1940 Act.
Factors Affecting our Operating Results
Our net interest income includes income from our securities portfolio, including the amortization of purchase premiums and accretion of purchase discounts, and mortgage loans held-for-sale. Net interest income (expense), as well as our servicing income, net of servicing costs, will fluctuate primarily as a result of changes in market interest rates, our financing costs and prepayment speeds on our assets. Interest rates, financing costs and prepayment rates vary according to the type of investment, conditions in the financial markets, competition and other factors, none of which can be predicted with any certainty.
Fair Value Measurement
A significant portion of our assets and liabilities are reported at fair value and, therefore, our consolidated balance sheets and statements of comprehensive (loss) income are significantly affected by fluctuations in market prices. At March 31, 2026, approximately 85.2% of our total assets, or $9.0 billion, consisted of financial instruments recorded at fair value. See Note 11 - Fair Value to the consolidated financial statements, included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, for descriptions of valuation methodologies used to measure material assets and liabilities at fair value and details of the valuation models, key inputs to those models and significant assumptions utilized. Although we execute various hedging strategies to mitigate our exposure to changes in fair value, we cannot fully eliminate our exposure to volatility caused by fluctuations in market prices.
Any temporary change in the fair value of our available-for-sale ("AFS") securities, excluding certain AFS securities for which we have elected the fair value option, is recorded as a component of accumulated other comprehensive loss and does not impact our reported income (loss) for U.S. GAAP purposes ("GAAP net income (loss)"). However, changes in the provision for credit losses on AFS securities are recognized immediately in GAAP net income (loss). Our GAAP net income (loss) is also affected by fluctuations in market prices on the remainder of our financial assets and liabilities recorded at fair value, including interest rate swap agreements and certain other derivative instruments (i.e., Agency to-be-announced securities ("TBAs"), options on TBAs, futures, options on futures, inverse interest-only securities, interest rate lock commitments and forward loan sale commitments), which are accounted for as derivative trading instruments under U.S. GAAP, fair value option elected AFS securities, MSR and mortgage loans held-for-sale.
We have numerous internal controls in place to help ensure the appropriateness of fair value measurements. Significant fair value measures are subject to detailed analytics and management review and approval.
Our entire Agency RMBS investment portfolio reported at fair value is priced by third-party brokers and/or by independent pricing vendors. We generally receive three or more broker and vendor quotes on pass-through Agency P&I RMBS, and generally receive multiple broker or vendor quotes on all other securities, including interest-only and inverse interest-only Agency RMBS. For Agency RMBS, the third-party pricing vendors and brokers use pricing models that commonly incorporate such factors as coupons, primary and secondary mortgage rates, rate reset periods, issuer, prepayment speeds, credit enhancements and expected life of the security.
We evaluate the prices we receive from both third-party brokers and pricing vendors by comparing those prices to actual purchase and sale transactions, our internally modeled prices calculated based on market observable rates and credit spreads, and to each other both in current and prior periods. We review and may challenge valuations from third-party brokers and pricing vendors to ensure that such quotes and valuations are indicative of fair value as a result of this analysis. We then estimate the fair value of each security based upon the median of the final broker quotes received, subject to internally-established hierarchy and override procedures.
We utilize "bid side" pricing for our Agency RMBS and, as a result, certain assets, especially the most recent purchases, may realize a markdown due to the "bid-offer" spread. To the extent that this occurs on available-for-sale securities not accounted for under the fair value option, any economic effect of this would be reflected in accumulated other comprehensive loss.
We estimate the fair value of our MSR using a discounted cash flow model, which incorporates both observable and unobservable market data, including principal balance, note rate, geographical location, loan-to-value ("LTV") ratios, FICO and other loan characteristics, along with servicing fee, ancillary income, earnings rates on escrow balances and recapture rates. Significant unobservable inputs include prepayment speeds; option adjusted spread ("OAS"), which represents the incremental spread added to the risk-free rate to reflect the effects of any embedded options and other risk inherent in MSR; and cost to service. We obtain third-party valuations, industry surveys and other available market data quarterly to assess the reasonableness of the significant unobservable inputs used in the cash flow model, as well as fair value calculated by the cash flow model, subject to internally-established hierarchy and override procedures.
Considerable judgment is used in forming conclusions and estimating inputs to our Level 3 fair value measurements. Level 3 inputs such as interest rate movements, prepayments speeds, credit losses and discount rates are inherently difficult to estimate. Changes to these inputs can have a significant effect on fair value measurements. Accordingly, there is no assurance that our estimates of fair value are indicative of the amounts that would be realized on the ultimate sale or exchange of these assets. At March 31, 2026, 22.6% of our total assets were classified as Level 3 fair value assets.
Critical Accounting Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP requires us to make certain judgments and assumptions, based on information available at the time of our preparation of the financial statements, in determining accounting estimates used in preparation of the statements. Accounting estimates are considered critical if the estimate requires us to make assumptions about matters that were highly uncertain at the time the accounting estimate was made and if different estimates reasonably could have been used in the reporting period or changes in the accounting estimate are reasonably likely to occur from period to period that would have a material impact on our financial condition, results of operations or cash flows. Our significant accounting policies are described in Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements, included under Part II, Item 8 of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2025. Our most critical accounting policies involve our fair valuation of AFS securities, MSR and derivative instruments.
The methods used by us to estimate fair value for AFS securities, MSR and derivative instruments may produce a fair value calculation that may not be indicative of net realizable value or reflective of future fair value. Furthermore, while we believe that our valuation methods are appropriate and consistent with other market participants, the use of different methodologies or assumptions to determine the fair value of certain financial instruments could result in a different estimate of fair value at the reporting date. We use prices obtained from third-party pricing vendors or broker quotes deemed indicative of market activity and current as of the measurement date, which in periods of market dislocation, may have reduced transparency. For more information on our fair value measurements, see Note 11 - Fair Value to the consolidated financial statements, included under Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Additionally, the key economic assumptions and sensitivity of the fair value of MSR to immediate adverse changes in these assumptions are presented in Note 5 - Servicing Activities to the consolidated financial statements, included under Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
Market Conditions and Outlook
The performance of equity and fixed-income sectors in the first quarter was adversely affected by the conflict in the Middle East, which began at the end of February and remained uncertain at quarter-end. An oil price shock, triggered by an almost complete cessation of supply coming through the Persian Gulf, resulted in the price of crude oil almost doubling quarter-over-quarter to over $100 per barrel. As a result, forecasts for inflation and economic growth became more uncertain. For U.S. markets, the S&P 500 declined by 4.6%, and the Treasury yield curve bear-flattened. The 2-year Treasury yield rose by 32 basis points ("bps") to 3.79%, while the 10-year Treasury yield increased 15 bps to finish at 4.32%. From February 27, 2026 when the 10-year Treasury yield hit a quarterly low of 3.94%, which happened to coincide with the beginning of the military action in the Middle East, the effects on yields were more stark.
Amid the uncertainty, the Federal Reserve (the "Fed") left rates unchanged at both their February and March meetings. Market expectations for the Fed's effective rate at 2026 year-end rose from 3.06% on December 31, 2025 to 3.57% at March 31, 2026, essentially wiping away any prospects of Fed cuts in 2026. Economic statistics over the quarter were mixed, punctuated by a weaker than anticipated employment report in March, with the unemployment rate unexpectedly rising to 4.4%. Rekindled concerns over inflation and from the oil price shock, were strong enough that despite the apparent deterioration of the labor conditions, interest rates rose into the end of the quarter. The Fed's median rate forecast released in March continued to price in one 25 bps cut in 2026, though the forecast for inflation increased to 2.7% (versus the Fed's 2.0% target), which Chairman Powell said incorporated the observed increase in inflation readings since the February report. The minutes from the Fed's March meeting reinforced the conundrum the Fed faces from the Middle East conflict: potentially worsening inflation coupled with an economic slowdown.
At the start of the quarter, RMBS performance was buoyed by the continued decline of implied volatility and the announcement in early January by the Director of the Federal Housing Finance Agency directing the GSEs to purchase $200 billion of Agency MBS in an effort to explicitly tighten mortgage spreads. The effort is part of a larger campaign to lower mortgage rates and improve housing affordability. Implied volatility, as measured by 2-year options on 10-year swap rates, fell to 73 bps near the end of January, its lowest level since October 2021, and spreads ratcheted tighter after the announcement. Current coupon spreads reached quarterly narrows in mid-January, with nominal and option-adjusted spreads tightening by 10-15 bps from the beginning of the quarter. Unsurprisingly, the RMBS market delivered positive hedged returns in January, with the Bloomberg US MBS Index delivering 52 bps of excess return, its best month in over a year.
However, over the course of February and March, driven predominantly by the outbreak of the Middle East conflict, the attendant increase in realized and implied volatility and the flattening of the yield curve, performance deteriorated. Implied volatility on 2-year options on 10-year swaps finished the quarter up 5 bps to 85 bps. Current coupon spreads versus swaps, on a nominal and option-adjusted basis, widened by 26 and 15 bps, finishing the quarter at 141 and 60 bps, respectively. Hedged performance versus swaps across the coupon stack was mixed, with some belly coupons and higher coupon specified pools eking out a positive return, while performance for most of the stack between 4.5% and 6.0% was negative. Hedged performance versus U.S. Treasuries was better, as longer-end swap spreads tightened over the quarter. Even so, the Bloomberg US MBS Index, in which performance is measured against U.S. Treasuries, had an excess cumulative return of negative 36 bps over February and March.
The 30-year mortgage rate finished up about 25 bps quarter-over-quarter to about 6.5%, though it touched 6% in both January and February, allowing savvy and fast-acting borrowers to find the best rates in years. While overall prepayment speeds for the universe of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac loans were unchanged quarter-over-quarter, prepayments rates for refinanceable loans jumped higher in March reacting to the quarterly lows in mortgage rates earlier in the quarter. Though absolute prepayment rates reached similar levels as observed in October 2025, they were more benign after adjusting for rate incentive (i.e., the prepayment "S-curve" in the first quarter was not as reactive as it had been in October when the media effect was most elevated). Our MSR portfolio prepayment rate slowed to only 5.6% conditional prepayment rate ("CPR") in the first quarter of 2026, reflecting declining housing turnover rates in winter months. With prepayment rates on worst-to-deliver high coupon collateral remaining elevated, the call protection offered by specified pools was evident. For the pools owned in our portfolio, they paid only about 9.8% CPR in the quarter, once again around 20% slower lower than model projections, as they benefit from unique and carefully-curated characteristics.
Activity and demand for MSR in the first quarter remained high, with servicing transfers in the first quarter of 2026 topping an estimated $93 billion UPB, outpacing the first quarter of 2025 (approximately $66 billion), though below the fourth quarter of 2025 (approximately $154 billion). We continue to see most of the supply coming from non-bank originators with a broader array of buyer types including other non-bank originators, banks and REITs. Pricing for bulk and flow channels was stable in the first quarter. Given the increase in mortgage rates and wider spreads for RMBS in the first quarter, servicing multiples generally increased. Delinquency rates for GSE servicing remain low.
The housing market remains slow, and persistent inventory shortages in many markets is expected to continue to put upward pressure on prices. We anticipate home prices to rise in the single digits annualized, and for housing turnover to continue to trend about 5% higher year-on-year, especially as primary rates are currently lower year-on-year. Nevertheless, pockets of weakness in Southern markets persist with builders continuing to offer buydowns to move inventory. Housing affordability, which had been improving since mid-2025, is likely to reverse given the rise in mortgage rates.
RMBS funding markets remained stable and available during the quarter. With extra cash moving into the market, repurchase agreement spreads tightened from the fourth quarter of 2025 to around 13 to 20 bps to SOFR in the first quarter of 2026.
Looking ahead, the situation in the Middle East remains highly fluid, and the severity and length of the resulting economic disruptions are very hard to gauge. The steady decline of interest rate volatility in the later half of 2025 and into early 2026 accounted for much of the performance of RMBS spreads. The outbreak of war in the Persian Gulf reversed that, and geopolitical tensions will remain the primary driver of market sentiment and economic outlook. However, it's worth noting that while there was a substantial increase in implied volatility off the quarterly lows, implied volatility for much of the term structure only went back to levels last seen in the fourth quarter of 2025. Current coupon spreads are tighter than they were then, which reflects the explicit support the sector has received from the Administration. In addition to the demand from the GSEs, the Basel III Endgame should be beneficial for RMBS spreads as banks would have more capital to use to purchase MBS and hold mortgage loans, which should reduce securitization rates and RMBS supply. In total, RMBS hedged with swaps possesses favorable nominal yield with less downside compared to prior quarters given favorable supply/demand characteristics, though total performance will be very dependent on interest rate volatility. The MSR market remains well supported, and the paired construction of low mortgage rate MSR with RMBS generates attractive risk adjusted returns with lower expected volatility, relative to RMBS portfolios without MSR. At quarter-end, only about 1% of our MSR portfolio had 50 bps or more of economic incentive to refinance, providing a substantial cushion to a refinance wave. For those loans that are refinanceable, RoundPoint's direct-to-consumer origination effort is efficiently recapturing those borrowers.
The following table provides the carrying value of our investment portfolio by asset type:
| (dollars in thousands) | March 31, 2026 | December 31, 2025 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Agency RMBS | $ | 6,568,185 | 73.4 | % | $ | 6,579,141 | 73.1 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Mortgage servicing rights | 2,380,983 | 26.6 | % | 2,421,910 | 26.9 | % | |||||||||||||||||
| Other | 3,149 | - | % | 3,259 | - | % | |||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | 8,952,317 | $ | 9,004,310 | |||||||||||||||||||
Prepayment speeds and volatility due to interest rates
Our portfolio is subject to market risks, primarily interest rate risk and prepayment risk. We pair our MSR and interest-only Agency RMBS portfolio with a portion of our Agency pool portfolio to offset risk. During periods of decreasing interest rates with rising prepayment speeds, the market value of our Agency pools generally increases and the market value of our interest-only securities and MSR generally decreases. The inverse relationship occurs when interest rates rise and prepayments fall. Prepayment rates for the MSR portfolio decreased to 5.6% over the three months ended March 31, 2026, which is consistent with the universe of mortgage loans with similar coupon rates, primarily due to mortgage rates rising towards the end of the quarter. In addition to changes in interest rates, changes in home price performance, key employment metrics and government programs, among other macroeconomic factors, can affect prepayment speeds. We believe our active portfolio management approach, including our asset selection process, positions us to respond to a variety of market scenarios. Although we are unable to predict future interest rate movements, our strategy of pairing MSR with Agency RMBS, with a focus on managing various associated risks, including interest rate, prepayment, credit, mortgage spread and financing risk, is intended to generate stable performance, relative to RMBS portfolios without MSR, with a low level of sensitivity to changes in the yield curve, prepayments and interest rate cycles.
The following table provides the three-month average CPR experienced by our Agency RMBS and MSR during the three months ended March 31, 2026, and the four immediately preceding quarters:
| Three Months Ended | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
March 31, 2026 |
December 31, 2025 |
September 30, 2025 |
June 30, 2025 |
March 31, 2025 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Agency RMBS | 8.6 | % | 7.9 | % | 8.0 | % | 8.4 | % | 7.0 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mortgage servicing rights | 5.6 | % | 6.4 | % | 6.0 | % | 5.8 | % | 4.2 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Our Agency RMBS are primarily collateralized by fixed-rate mortgage loans. Our Agency portfolio also includes securities with implicit prepayment protection, including lower loan balances (securities collateralized by loans of less than $400,000 in initial principal balance), higher LTVs (securities collateralized by loans with LTVs greater than or equal to 80%), certain geographic concentrations, loans secured by investor-owned properties and lower FICO scores.We also hold pools backed by Agency multi-family mortgage loans and hybrid adjustable-rate mortgage loans. Our overall allocation of Agency RMBS and holdings of pools with specific characteristics are viewed in the context of our aggregate portfolio strategy, including MSR and related derivative hedging instruments. Additionally, the selection of securities with certain attributes is driven by the perceived relative value of the securities, which factors in the opportunities in the marketplace, the cost of financing and the cost of hedging interest rate, prepayment, credit and other portfolio risks. Accordingly, our Agency RMBS capital allocation reflects management's flexible approach to investing in the marketplace.
The following tables provide the carrying value of our Agency RMBS portfolio by underlying mortgage loan rate type:
| March 31, 2026 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (dollars in thousands) | Principal/ Current Face | Carrying Value |
Weighted Average CPR (1)
|
% Prepayment Protected | Gross Weighted Average Coupon Rate | Amortized Cost | Allowance for Credit Losses | Weighted Average Loan Age (months) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Agency RMBS AFS: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 30-Year Fixed: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 4.5% | $ | 359,083 | $ | 348,940 | 7.7 | % | 100.0 | % | 5.2 | % | $ | 353,679 | $ | - | 43 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 5.0% | 1,403,829 | 1,398,678 | 9.7 | % | 99.2 | % | 5.8 | % | 1,425,175 | - | 45 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 5.5% | 1,551,668 | 1,569,040 | 11.5 | % | 80.3 | % | 6.4 | % | 1,576,959 | - | 25 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 6.0% | 1,529,605 | 1,568,341 | 25.6 | % | 78.3 | % | 6.9 | % | 1,569,255 | - | 10 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ≥ 6.5% | 486,478 | 507,161 | 27.8 | % | 90.6 | % | 7.3 | % | 505,760 | - | 12 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 5,330,663 | 5,392,160 | 16.7 | % | 86.9 | % | 6.4 | % | 5,430,828 | - | 26 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other P&I | 1,098,904 | 1,096,049 | 5.1 | % | - | % | 5.3 | % | 1,100,770 | - | 13 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest-only | 291,789 | 16,023 | 7.8 | % | - | % | 5.3 | % | 17,824 | (1,143) | 187 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Agency Derivatives | 1,165,070 | 63,953 | 28.2 | % | - | % | 7.0 | % | 73,003 | - | 18 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total Agency RMBS | $ | 7,886,426 | $ | 6,568,185 | 71.3 | % | $ | 6,622,425 | $ | (1,143) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| December 31, 2025 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (dollars in thousands) | Principal/ Current Face | Carrying Value |
Weighted Average CPR (1)
|
% Prepayment Protected | Gross Weighted Average Coupon Rate | Amortized Cost | Allowance for Credit Losses | Weighted Average Loan Age (months) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Agency RMBS AFS: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 30-Year Fixed: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 4.5% | $ | 1,089,904 | $ | 1,073,972 | 8.1 | % | 100.0 | % | 5.2 | % | $ | 1,089,701 | $ | - | 42 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 5.0% | 1,429,457 | 1,441,677 | 8.0 | % | 100.0 | % | 5.7 | % | 1,451,456 | - | 42 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 5.5% | 786,868 | 804,095 | 13.0 | % | 99.7 | % | 6.4 | % | 795,750 | - | 41 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 6.0% | 1,732,107 | 1,789,914 | 9.8 | % | 82.9 | % | 6.9 | % | 1,776,570 | - | 8 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ≥ 6.5% | 508,260 | 532,258 | 17.0 | % | 89.8 | % | 7.3 | % | 528,440 | - | 9 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 5,546,596 | 5,641,916 | 10.2 | % | 93.6 | % | 6.2 | % | 5,641,917 | - | 28 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other P&I | 853,193 | 852,374 | 0.7 | % | - | % | 5.2 | % | 851,399 | - | 12 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest-only | 315,438 | 16,922 | 6.7 | % | - | % | 5.4 | % | 18,892 | (1,319) | 184 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Agency Derivatives | 1,233,247 | 67,929 | 16.2 | % | - | % | 7.0 | % | 76,785 | - | 16 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total Agency RMBS | $ | 7,948,474 | $ | 6,579,141 | 80.3 | % | $ | 6,588,993 | $ | (1,319) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
____________________
(1)Weighted average actual one-month CPR released at the beginning of the following month based on RMBS held as of the preceding month-end.
Our MSR portfolio offers attractive spreads and has many risk reducing characteristics when paired with our Agency RMBS portfolio. The following table summarizes activity related to the UPB of loans underlying our MSR portfolio for the three months ended March 31, 2026, and the four immediately preceding quarters:
| Three Months Ended | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (in thousands) |
March 31, 2026 |
December 31, 2025 |
September 30, 2025 |
June 30 2025 |
March 31, 2025 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| UPB at beginning of period | $ | 162,450,487 | $ | 175,820,641 | $ | 198,822,611 | $ | 196,773,345 | $ | 200,317,009 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Purchases of mortgage servicing rights
|
95,229 | 329,726 | 663,744 | 6,554,362 | 154,724 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Origination and recapture of mortgage servicing rights | 56,586 | 69,328 | 34,497 | 34,054 | 20,225 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Sales of mortgage servicing rights
|
- | (9,551,653) | (19,111,664) | - | - | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Scheduled payments | (1,392,998) | (1,422,921) | (1,647,185) | (1,637,296) | (1,623,566) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Prepaid | (2,326,504) | (2,738,707) | (2,964,335) | (2,913,721) | (2,110,028) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other changes | (11,448) | (55,927) | 22,973 | 11,867 | 14,981 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| UPB at end of period | $ | 158,871,352 | $ | 162,450,487 | $ | 175,820,641 | $ | 198,822,611 | $ | 196,773,345 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Counterparty exposure and leverage ratio
We monitor counterparty exposure amongst our broker, banking and lending counterparties on a daily basis. We believe our broker and banking counterparties are well-capitalized organizations, and we attempt to manage our cash balances across these organizations to reduce our exposure to any single counterparty.
As of March 31, 2026, we had entered into repurchase agreements with 21 counterparties, 18 of which had outstanding balances. In addition, we held short- and long-term borrowings under revolving credit facilities, warehouse lines of credit, and unsecured borrowings under senior notes. As of March 31, 2026, the debt-to-equity ratio funding our Agency and non-Agency investment securities, MSR and related servicing advances and mortgage loans held-for-sale, which includes unsecured borrowings under senior notes, was 4.8:1.0.
As of March 31, 2026, we held $476.3 million in cash and cash equivalents, approximately $7.3 million of unpledged Agency RMBS and $3.1 million of unpledged non-Agency securities. As a result, we had an overall estimated unused borrowing capacity on our unpledged securities of approximately $8.2 million. As of March 31, 2026, we held approximately $1.6 million of unpledged MSR and $7.4 million of unpledged servicing advances. Overall, on March 31, 2026, we had $102.1 million unused committed and $875.0 million unused uncommitted borrowing capacity on MSR financing facilities, and $81.0 million in unused committed borrowing capacity on servicing advance financing facilities. As of March 31, 2026, we held approximately $0.4 million of unpledged mortgage loans and had $22.3 million unused committed borrowing capacity on our warehouse line of credit and $44.8 million unused uncommitted borrowing capacity on our loan repurchase agreement. Generally, unused borrowing capacity may be the result of our election not to utilize certain financing, as well as delays in the timing in which funding is provided, insufficient collateral or the inability to meet lenders' eligibility requirements for specific types of asset classes.
We also monitor exposure to our MSR counterparties. We may be required to make representations and warranties to investors in the loans underlying the MSR we own; however, some of our MSR were purchased on a bifurcated basis, meaning the representation and warranty obligations remain with the seller. If the representations and warranties we make prove to be inaccurate, we may be obligated to repurchase certain mortgage loans, which may impact the profitability of our portfolio. Although we obtain similar representations and warranties from the counterparty from which we acquired the relevant asset, if those representations and warranties do not directly mirror those we make to the investor, or if we are unable to enforce the representations and warranties against the counterparty for a variety of reasons, including the financial condition or insolvency of the counterparty, we may not be able to seek indemnification from our counterparties for any losses attributable to the breach.
As the servicer of record for our MSR assets, we may be required to advance principal and interest payments to security holders, and intermittent tax and insurance payments to local authorities and insurance companies on mortgage loans that are in forbearance, delinquency or default. We are responsible for funding these advances, potentially for an extended period of time, before receiving reimbursement from Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac. Servicing advances are priority cash flows in the event of a loan principal reduction or foreclosure and ultimate liquidation of the real estate-owned property, thus making their collection reasonably assured. We are also a subservicer, which means we service loans on behalf of third-party clients who own the underlying MSR. Since we do not own the right to service those loans, we do not recognize an MSR asset for those loans in our consolidated financial statements. As a subservicer, we may be obligated to make servicing advances; however, advances are generally limited, with recoveries typically following within 30 days. Additionally, our exposure to foreclosure-related costs and losses is generally limited in our subservicing relationships given those risks are retained by the owner of the MSR.
Our total serviced mortgage assets consist of mortgage loans underlying our MSR assets, off-balance sheet mortgage loans owned by third parties and subserviced by us, off-balance sheet mortgage loans owned by third parties for which we act as servicing administrator (subserviced by appropriately licensed third-party subservicers), and originated or purchased mortgage loans held-for-sale at period-end. The following table presents the number of loans and unpaid principal balance of the mortgage assets for which we manage the servicing as of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025:
| March 31, 2026 | December 31, 2025 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| (dollars in thousands) | Number of Loans | Unpaid Principal Balance | Number of Loans | Unpaid Principal Balance | |||||||||||||||||||
| Mortgage servicing rights | 665,942 | $ | 158,871,352 | 675,215 | $ | 162,450,487 | |||||||||||||||||
|
Subservicing
|
179,899 | 40,051,658 | 178,356 | 40,492,124 | |||||||||||||||||||
|
Servicing administrator
|
505 | 265,953 | 514 | 272,820 | |||||||||||||||||||
|
Mortgage loans held-for-sale
|
70 | 18,391 | 38 | 13,336 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total serviced mortgage assets | 846,416 | $ | 199,207,354 | 854,123 | $ | 203,228,767 | |||||||||||||||||
Summary of Results of Operations and Financial Condition
Our book value per common share for U.S. GAAP purposes was $10.57 at March 31, 2026, a decrease from $11.13 per common share at December 31, 2025. The decline in book value for the three months ended March 31, 2026 was primarily driven by net mark-to-market losses recognized on investment securities and MSR, as well as dividends declared, partially offset by servicing income. Our comprehensive loss attributable to common stockholders was $24.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2026, as compared to comprehensive income attributable to common stockholders of $64.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025.
The following table presents the components of our comprehensive (loss) income for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025:
|
(in thousands, except per share amounts)
|
Three Months Ended | |||||||||||||
| Income Statement Data: | March 31, | |||||||||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | |||||||||||||
|
(unaudited)
|
||||||||||||||
|
Net interest expense:
|
||||||||||||||
| Interest income | $ | 88,650 | $ | 111,382 | ||||||||||
| Interest expense | 95,161 | 131,714 | ||||||||||||
|
Net interest expense
|
(6,511) | (20,332) | ||||||||||||
|
Net servicing income:
|
||||||||||||||
|
Servicing income
|
130,143 | 156,859 | ||||||||||||
| Servicing costs | 1,848 | 3,197 | ||||||||||||
| Net servicing income | 128,295 | 153,662 | ||||||||||||
|
Other income (loss):
|
||||||||||||||
|
Loss on investment securities
|
(10,986) | (32,729) | ||||||||||||
|
Loss on servicing asset
|
(44,009) | (36,221) | ||||||||||||
| Gain (loss) on derivative instruments | 15,641 | (97,340) | ||||||||||||
|
Gain on mortgage loans held-for-sale
|
2,052 | 669 | ||||||||||||
| Other income | 1,317 | 761 | ||||||||||||
| Total other loss | (35,985) | (164,860) | ||||||||||||
| Expenses: | ||||||||||||||
| Compensation and benefits | 26,698 | 26,589 | ||||||||||||
| Other operating expenses | 22,749 | 20,505 | ||||||||||||
| Total expenses | 49,447 | 47,094 | ||||||||||||
|
Income (loss) before income taxes
|
36,352 | (78,624) | ||||||||||||
| Provision for income taxes | 4,068 | 431 | ||||||||||||
|
Net income (loss)
|
32,284 | (79,055) | ||||||||||||
| Dividends on preferred stock | (12,807) | (13,186) | ||||||||||||
|
Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders
|
$ | 19,477 | $ | (92,241) | ||||||||||
|
Basic earnings (loss) per weighted average common share
|
$ | 0.18 | $ | (0.89) | ||||||||||
|
Diluted earnings (loss) per weighted average common share
|
$ | 0.18 | $ | (0.89) | ||||||||||
| Dividends declared per common share | $ | 0.34 | $ | 0.45 | ||||||||||
|
Comprehensive (loss) income:
|
||||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) | $ | 32,284 | $ | (79,055) | ||||||||||
|
Other comprehensive (loss) income:
|
||||||||||||||
|
Unrealized (loss) gain on available-for-sale securities
|
(44,191) | 157,172 | ||||||||||||
|
Other comprehensive (loss) income
|
(44,191) | 157,172 | ||||||||||||
|
Comprehensive (loss) income
|
(11,907) | 78,117 | ||||||||||||
| Dividends on preferred stock | (12,807) | (13,186) | ||||||||||||
|
Comprehensive (loss) income attributable to common stockholders
|
$ | (24,714) | $ | 64,931 | ||||||||||
Results of Operations
Interest Income
Interest income decreased to $88.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2026 from $111.4 million for the same period in 2025, primarily due to a decrease in Agency RMBS portfolio size.
Interest Expense
Interest expense decreased to $95.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2026 from $131.7 million for the same period in 2025, primarily due to decreases in average borrowings outstanding on the Agency RMBS and MSR portfolios, as well as the lower overall interest rate environment.
Net Interest Income
The following table presents the components of interest income and average net asset yield earned by asset type, the components of interest expense and average cost of funds on borrowings incurred by collateral type, and net interest income and average net interest spread for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025:
| Three Months Ended March 31, 2026 | Three Months Ended March 31, 2025 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (dollars in thousands) |
Average Balance (1)
|
Interest Income/Expense | Net Yield/Cost of Funds |
Average Balance (1)
|
Interest Income/Expense | Net Yield/Cost of Funds | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Interest-earning assets:
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Available-for-sale securities | $ | 6,445,955 | $ | 80,687 | 5.0 | % | $ | 8,321,221 | $ | 100,418 | 4.8 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mortgage loans held-for-sale | 11,280 | 169 | 6.0 | % | 3,371 | 53 | 6.3 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Reverse repurchase agreements | 164,911 | 1,497 | 3.6 | % | 341,989 | 3,707 | 4.3 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Other
|
6,297 | 7,204 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Total interest income/net asset yield
|
$ | 6,622,146 | $ | 88,650 | 5.4 | % | $ | 8,666,581 | $ | 111,382 | 5.1 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Interest-bearing liabilities:
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Borrowings collateralized by:
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Available-for-sale securities | $ | 6,338,724 | $ | 63,028 | 4.0 | % | $ | 7,883,759 | $ | 91,134 | 4.6 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Agency Derivatives (2)
|
50,340 | 533 | 4.2 | % | 5,055 | 62 | 4.9 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Mortgage servicing rights and advances (3)
|
1,529,593 | 27,253 | 7.1 | % | 1,843,294 | 36,008 | 7.8 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Mortgage loans held-for-sale
|
11,129 | 172 | 6.2 | % | 3,144 | 55 | 7.0 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Unsecured borrowings:
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Senior notes
|
111,162 | 2,841 | 10.2 | % | - | - | - | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Convertible senior notes
|
40,737 | 710 | 7.0 | % | 260,474 | 4,455 | 6.8 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Other
|
624 | - | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Total interest expense/cost of funds
|
$ | 8,081,685 | $ | 95,161 | 4.7 | % | $ | 9,995,726 | $ | 131,714 | 5.3 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Net interest expense/spread
|
$ | (6,511) | 0.7 | % | $ | (20,332) | (0.2) | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(1)Average asset balance represents average amortized cost on AFS securities and average unpaid principal balance on mortgage loans held-for-sale and reverse repurchase agreements.
(2)Yields on Agency Derivatives not shown as the related interest income is included in gain (loss) on derivative instruments in the consolidated statements of comprehensive (loss) income.
(3)Yields on mortgage servicing rights and advances not shown as these assets do not earn interest.
The increase in yields on AFS securities for the three months ended March 31, 2026, as compared to the same period in 2025, was driven by net sales of lower coupon AFS securities, which was partially offset by slightly higher premium amortization. The decrease in cost of funds associated with the financing of AFS securities for the three months ended March 31, 2026, as compared to the same period in 2025, was due to the lower interest rate environment.
The decrease in yields on reverse repurchase agreements for the three months ended March 31, 2026, as compared to the same period in 2025, was due to the lower interest rate environment.
The decrease in cost of funds associated with the financing of MSR assets and related servicing advance obligations for the three months ended March 31, 2026, as compared to the same period in 2025, was primarily due to the lower interest rate environment. We have one revolving credit facility in place to finance our servicing advance obligations, which are included in other assets on our consolidated balance sheets.
In May 2025, we issued $115.0 million of unsecured senior notes due in 2030, which pay interest quarterly at rate of 9.375% per annum. The cost of funds associated with our senior notes also includes amortization of deferred debt issuance costs.
We repaid the outstanding balance of our convertible senior notes on the January 15, 2026 maturity date.
The following table presents the components of the yield earned on our AFS securities portfolio as a percentage of our average amortized cost of securities for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025:
| Three Months Ended | |||||||||||
| March 31, | |||||||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | ||||||||||
| Gross yield/stated coupon | 5.3 | % | 5.0 | % | |||||||
|
Net (premium amortization) discount accretion
|
(0.3) | % | (0.2) | % | |||||||
| Net yield | 5.0 | % | 4.8 | % | |||||||
Net Servicing Income
The following table presents the components of net servicing income for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025:
| Three Months Ended | |||||||||||
| March 31, | |||||||||||
| (in thousands) | 2026 | 2025 | |||||||||
| Servicing fee income | $ | 104,962 | $ | 126,171 | |||||||
| Ancillary and other fee income | 4,805 | 5,094 | |||||||||
| Float income | 20,376 | 25,594 | |||||||||
| Total servicing income | 130,143 | 156,859 | |||||||||
| Total servicing costs | 1,848 | 3,197 | |||||||||
| Net servicing income | $ | 128,295 | $ | 153,662 | |||||||
The decrease in total servicing income for the three months ended March 31, 2026, as compared to the same period in 2025, was primarily due to lower servicing fee income on a smaller MSR portfolio as a result of run-off and sales, and lower float income on lower custodial balances as well as a lower interest rate environment.
As previously discussed, RoundPoint handles substantially all servicing functions for the mortgage loans underlying our MSR. For the remaining portion of our serviced mortgage assets, we contract with appropriately licensed third-party subservicers to handle the servicing functions in the name of the subservicer. All third-party subservicing costs and other servicing expenses directly related to our MSR portfolio are included within the servicing costs line item on our consolidated statements of comprehensive (loss) income. All servicing-related general and administrative expenses incurred by RoundPoint are included within the compensation and benefits and other operating expenses line items on our consolidated statements of comprehensive (loss) income. The decrease in servicing costs during the three months ended March 31, 2026, as compared to the same period in 2025, was primarily the result of lower interest on escrow balances and lower non-recoverable advances.
Loss On Investment Securities
The following table presents the components of loss on investment securities for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025:
| Three Months Ended | |||||||||||
| March 31, | |||||||||||
| (in thousands) | 2026 | 2025 | |||||||||
| Proceeds from sales | $ | 1,134,825 | $ | 1,329,584 | |||||||
| Amortized cost of securities sold | (1,145,709) | (1,363,060) | |||||||||
| Total realized losses on sales | (10,884) | (33,476) | |||||||||
| Provision for credit losses | (15) | (94) | |||||||||
| Other | (87) | 841 | |||||||||
|
Loss on investment securities
|
$ | (10,986) | $ | (32,729) | |||||||
In the ordinary course of our business, we make investment decisions and allocate capital in accordance with our views on the changing risk/reward dynamics in the market and in our portfolio. We do not expect to sell assets on a frequent basis, but may sell assets to reallocate capital into new assets that we believe have higher risk-adjusted returns.
We use a discounted cash flow method to estimate and recognize an allowance for credit losses on AFS securities. Subsequent adverse or favorable changes in expected cash flows are recognized immediately in earnings as a provision for or reversal of provision for credit losses (within loss on investment securities).
The majority of the "other" component of loss on investment securities is related to changes in unrealized gains (losses) on certain AFS securities for which we have elected the fair value option. Fluctuations in this line item are primarily driven by the reclassification of unrealized gains and losses to realized gains and losses upon sale, as well as changes in fair value assumptions.
Loss On Servicing Asset
The following table presents the components of loss on servicing asset for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025:
| Three Months Ended | |||||||||||
| March 31, | |||||||||||
| (in thousands) | 2026 | 2025 | |||||||||
|
Changes in fair value due to changes in valuation inputs or assumptions used in the valuation model
|
$ | 4,366 | $ | 16,016 | |||||||
|
Changes in fair value due to realization of cash flows (runoff)
|
(48,375) | (52,237) | |||||||||
|
Loss on servicing asset
|
$ | (44,009) | $ | (36,221) | |||||||
The increase in loss on servicing asset for the three months ended March 31, 2026, as compared to the same period in 2025, was driven by a less favorable change in valuation assumptions used in the fair valuation of MSR, primarily due to decreasing interest rates with rising prepayment speeds, partially offset by lower portfolio run-off on a lower portfolio balance as a result of sales of MSR.
Gain (Loss) On Derivative Instruments
The following table summarizes the components of gain (loss) on derivative instruments recognized during the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025:
| Three Months Ended | |||||||||||
| March 31, | |||||||||||
| (in thousands) | 2026 | 2025 | |||||||||
|
Net interest spread on interest rate swaps
|
$ | 1,712 | $ | 5,975 | |||||||
| Realized and unrealized net gains (losses) on interest rate swaps | 17,027 | (104,763) | |||||||||
|
Interest income, net of accretion, on inverse interest-only securities
|
2,032 | 120 | |||||||||
| Realized and unrealized net (losses) gains on inverse interest-only securities | (265) | 1,632 | |||||||||
| Realized and unrealized net (losses) gains on TBAs | (42,049) | 29,478 | |||||||||
| Realized and unrealized net gains (losses) on futures | 37,343 | (29,763) | |||||||||
| Realized and unrealized net losses on options on futures | (159) | (19) | |||||||||
| Gain (loss) on derivative instruments | $ | 15,641 | $ | (97,340) | |||||||
Net interest spread recognized for the accrual and/or settlement of the net interest income associated with our interest rate swaps results from receiving either a floating interest rate (OIS or SOFR) or a fixed interest rate and paying either a fixed interest rate or a floating interest rate (OIS or SOFR) on positions held to economically hedge/mitigate portfolio interest rate exposure (or duration) risk. We may elect to terminate certain swaps to align with our investment portfolio, agreements may mature or options may expire resulting in full settlement of our net interest spread asset/liability and the recognition of realized gains and losses, including early termination penalties. The change in fair value of interest rate swaps during the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025 was a result of changes to floating interest rates (OIS or SOFR), the swap curve and corresponding counterparty borrowing rates. Swaps are used for purposes of hedging our interest rate exposure, and therefore, their unrealized valuation gains and losses (excluding the reversal of unrealized gains and losses to realized gains and losses upon termination, maturation or option expiration) generally offset a portion of the unrealized losses and gains recognized on our Agency RMBS AFS portfolio, which are recorded either directly to stockholders' equity through other comprehensive (loss) income or to loss on investment securities, in the case of certain AFS securities for which we have elected the fair value option.
For further details regarding our use of derivative instruments and related activity, refer to Note 8 - Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities to the consolidated financial statements, included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
Gain On Mortgage Loans Held-For-Sale
The following table provides a summary of the total net realized and unrealized gains (losses) recognized on mortgage loans held-for-sale and the related derivative instruments used to manage exposure to market risks primarily associated with fluctuations in interest rate risks related to our origination pipeline during the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025:
| Three Months Ended | |||||||||||
| March 31, | |||||||||||
| (in thousands) | 2026 | 2025 | |||||||||
|
Mortgage loans held-for-sale
|
$ | 1,558 | $ | 525 | |||||||
|
TBAs
|
604 | - | |||||||||
|
Interest rate lock commitments
|
(110) | 312 | |||||||||
|
Forward mortgage loan sale commitments
|
- | (168) | |||||||||
|
Gain on mortgage loans held-for-sale
|
$ | 2,052 | $ | 669 | |||||||
Operating Expenses
The following table presents the components of operating expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025:
| Three Months Ended | |||||||||||
| March 31, | |||||||||||
| (dollars in thousands) | 2026 | 2025 | |||||||||
| Compensation and benefits: | |||||||||||
|
Non-cash equity compensation expenses
|
$ | 4,422 | $ | 6,523 | |||||||
|
Merger-related compensation costs (1)
|
1,029 | - | |||||||||
|
All other compensation and benefits
|
21,247 | 20,066 | |||||||||
|
Total compensation and benefits
|
$ | 26,698 | $ | 26,589 | |||||||
| Other operating expenses: | |||||||||||
|
Other merger-related costs (1)
|
$ | 4,605 | $ | - | |||||||
|
Certain litigation-related costs (2)
|
- | 106 | |||||||||
|
All other operating expenses
|
18,144 | 20,399 | |||||||||
| Total other operating expenses | $ | 22,749 | $ | 20,505 | |||||||
|
Annualized operating expense ratio
|
11.0 | % | 8.7 | % | |||||||
|
Annualized operating expense ratio, excluding non-cash equity compensation, merger-related costs and certain litigation-related costs (1) (2)
|
8.8 | % | 7.5 | % | |||||||
____________________
(1)Merger-related compensation and other costs consist of expenses incurred in connection with the proposed CCM Merger, as well as the terminated UWM Merger.
(2)Certain litigation-related costs consists of expenses incurred in connection with the litigation with our former external manager, PRCM Advisers LLC, prior to its resolution in the third quarter of 2025.
The increase in total operating expenses during the three months ended March 31, 2026, as compared to the same period in 2025, was primarily driven by expenses incurred in connection with the proposed CCM Merger and the terminated UWM Merger, partially offset by lower non-cash equity compensation expenses and other operating expenses. The increase in our annualized operating expense ratios was also driven by the lower average equity balances in the denominator as a result of the comprehensive losses incurred and dividends declared during 2025 and the three months ended March 31, 2026.
Income Taxes
During the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, we recognized a provision for income taxes of $4.1 million and $0.4 million, respectively, which was primarily due to net income from MSR servicing and mortgage loan origination activities, partially offset by net losses recognized on MSR and operating expenses incurred in our TRSs.
Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income
The following table provides a summary of the components of other comprehensive (loss) income during the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025:
| Three Months Ended | |||||||||||
| March 31, | |||||||||||
| (in thousands) | 2026 | 2025 | |||||||||
| Unrealized (losses) gains on available-for-sale securities | $ | (56,580) | $ | 110,220 | |||||||
| Realized losses on sales of available-for-sale securities reclassified to loss on investment securities | 12,389 | 46,952 | |||||||||
|
Other comprehensive (loss) income
|
$ | (44,191) | $ | 157,172 | |||||||
With our accounting treatment for AFS securities, unrealized fluctuations in the market values of AFS securities, excluding certain AFS securities for which we have elected the fair value option and securities with an allowance for credit losses, are recorded directly to stockholders' equity through other comprehensive (loss) income. Additionally, we reclassify unrealized gains and losses on AFS securities in accumulated other comprehensive loss to net income (loss) upon the recognition of any realized gains and losses on sales as individual securities are sold. Fluctuations in other comprehensive (loss) income are driven by changes in fair value assumptions and the reclassification of unrealized gains and losses to realized gains and losses upon sale.
Financial Condition
The following table presents significant components of our balance sheet as of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025:
| (in thousands) |
March 31, 2026 |
December 31, 2025 |
||||||||||||
| Balance Sheet Data: | ||||||||||||||
| Available-for-sale securities | $ | 6,507,381 | $ | 6,514,471 | ||||||||||
| Mortgage servicing rights | $ | 2,380,983 | $ | 2,421,910 | ||||||||||
| Total assets | $ | 10,533,736 | $ | 10,859,217 | ||||||||||
| Repurchase agreements | $ | 7,245,287 | $ | 7,255,540 | ||||||||||
| Revolving credit facilities | $ | 916,871 | $ | 919,371 | ||||||||||
|
Senior notes
|
$ | 111,200 | $ | 111,055 | ||||||||||
| Convertible senior notes | $ | - | $ | 261,810 | ||||||||||
| Total stockholders' equity | $ | 1,731,579 | $ | 1,787,927 | ||||||||||
Available-for-Sale Securities, at Fair Value
The majority of our AFS investment securities portfolio is comprised of fixed rate Agency mortgage-backed securities backed by single-family and multi-family mortgage loans. We also hold $3.1 million in tranches of mortgage-backed and asset-backed P&I and interest-only non-Agency securities. All of our P&I Agency RMBS AFS are Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac mortgage pass-through certificates or collateralized mortgage obligations, or Ginnie Mae mortgage pass-through certificates, which are backed by the guarantee of the U.S. government. The majority of our Agency RMBS portfolio is comprised of whole pool certificates.
The table below summarizes certain characteristics of our Agency RMBS AFS at March 31, 2026:
| March 31, 2026 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (dollars in thousands, except purchase price) | Principal/ Current Face | Net (Discount) Premium | Amortized Cost | Allowance for Credit Losses | Unrealized Gain | Unrealized Loss | Carrying Value | Weighted Average Coupon Rate | Weighted Average Purchase Price | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| P&I securities | $ | 6,429,567 | $ | 102,031 | $ | 6,531,598 | $ | - | $ | 15,696 | $ | (59,085) | $ | 6,488,209 | 5.38 | % | $ | 101.72 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest-only securities | 291,789 | 17,824 | 17,824 | (1,143) | 460 | (1,118) | 16,023 | 2.16 | % | $ | 9.47 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | 6,721,356 | $ | 119,855 | $ | 6,549,422 | $ | (1,143) | $ | 16,156 | $ | (60,203) | $ | 6,504,232 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Mortgage Servicing Rights, at Fair Value
One of our wholly owned subsidiaries, TH MSR Holdings, has approvals from Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac to own and manage MSR, which represent the right to control the servicing of residential mortgage loans. TH MSR Holdings acquires MSR from third-party originators through flow and bulk purchases, as well as through the recapture of MSR on loans in its MSR portfolio that refinance. TH MSR Holdings also acquires MSR on loans originated by its subsidiary, RoundPoint, through purchases and recapture of MSR. As of both March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, our MSR had a fair market value of $2.4 billion.
As of March 31, 2026, our MSR portfolio included MSR on 665,942 loans with an unpaid principal balance of approximately $158.9 billion. The following table summarizes certain characteristics of the loans underlying our MSR by gross weighted average coupon rate types and ranges at March 31, 2026:
| March 31, 2026 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (dollars in thousands) | Number of Loans | Unpaid Principal Balance | Weighted Average Gross Coupon Rate | Weighted Average Current Loan Size | Weighted Average Loan Age (months) | Weighted Average Original FICO | Weighted Average Original LTV | 60+ Day Delinquencies | 3-Month CPR | Net Servicing Fee (bps) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 30-Year Fixed: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ≤ 3.25% | 246,100 | $ | 72,064,241 | 2.8 | % | $ | 347 | 62 | 768 | 71.5 | % | 0.4 | % | 3.3 | % | 25.0 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| > 3.25 - 3.75% | 114,280 | 27,452,567 | 3.4 | % | 308 | 76 | 753 | 74.0 | % | 0.8 | % | 4.3 | % | 25.1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| > 3.75 - 4.25% | 76,326 | 14,109,325 | 3.9 | % | 245 | 104 | 752 | 75.2 | % | 1.0 | % | 5.1 | % | 25.3 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| > 4.25 - 4.75% | 45,475 | 7,601,698 | 4.4 | % | 241 | 101 | 739 | 77.1 | % | 1.8 | % | 5.5 | % | 25.2 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| > 4.75 - 5.25% | 32,377 | 7,325,032 | 5.0 | % | 345 | 65 | 748 | 79.0 | % | 1.7 | % | 5.6 | % | 25.2 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| > 5.25% | 55,260 | 16,803,675 | 6.2 | % | 406 | 35 | 750 | 79.9 | % | 1.8 | % | 16.1 | % | 26.9 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 569,818 | 145,356,538 | 3.6 | % | 331 | 68 | 759 | 74.0 | % | 0.9 | % | 5.5 | % | 25.3 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 15-Year Fixed: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ≤ 2.25% | 17,305 | 3,629,032 | 2.0 | % | 252 | 59 | 776 | 60.0 | % | 0.2 | % | 3.5 | % | 25.0 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| > 2.25 - 2.75% | 30,060 | 5,106,035 | 2.4 | % | 213 | 63 | 772 | 59.5 | % | 0.2 | % | 4.5 | % | 25.0 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| > 2.75 - 3.25% | 24,064 | 2,394,870 | 2.9 | % | 151 | 86 | 765 | 61.7 | % | 0.3 | % | 7.2 | % | 25.2 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| > 3.25 - 3.75% | 12,602 | 853,260 | 3.4 | % | 109 | 104 | 755 | 64.0 | % | 0.5 | % | 9.1 | % | 25.2 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| > 3.75 - 4.25% | 5,654 | 344,181 | 3.9 | % | 109 | 100 | 739 | 65.8 | % | 0.5 | % | 10.6 | % | 25.4 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| > 4.25% | 4,983 | 697,003 | 5.3 | % | 282 | 40 | 750 | 64.2 | % | 1.4 | % | 20.9 | % | 27.4 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 94,668 | 13,024,381 | 2.6 | % | 206 | 68 | 769 | 60.8 | % | 0.3 | % | 6.2 | % | 25.2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total ARMs | 1,456 | 490,433 | 5.1 | % | 443 | 46 | 765 | 72.1 | % | 0.6 | % | 27.6 | % | 25.1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | 665,942 | $ | 158,871,352 | 3.5 | % | $ | 321 | 68 | 760 | 72.9 | % | 0.8 | % | 5.6 | % | 25.3 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Financing
Our borrowings consist primarily of repurchase agreements, revolving credit facilities, warehouse lines of credit and senior notes. Repurchase agreements, revolving credit facilities and warehouse lines of credit are collateralized by our pledge of AFS securities, derivative instruments, MSR, mortgage loans held-for-sale, servicing advances and certain cash balances, while senior notes are considered unsecured corporate debt. Substantially all of our Agency RMBS are currently pledged as collateral for repurchase agreements. Additionally, a substantial portion of our MSR is currently pledged as collateral for repurchase agreements and revolving credit facilities, and a portion of our servicing advances have been pledged as collateral for revolving credit facilities. We have three repurchase facilities in place that are secured by VFNs issued by one of our subsidiary trust entities, MSR Issuer Trust, and collateralized by portions of our MSR portfolio. (See Note 3 - Variable Interest Entities to the consolidated financial statements, included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, for further details). Substantially all of our funded mortgage loans held-for-sale are currently pledged as collateral for repurchase agreements and warehouse lines of credit for a period of up to 90 days or until they are sold to the GSEs or other third-party investors in the secondary market, typically within 60 days of origination. Additionally, in May 2025, we issued senior notes due in 2030, which are unsecured and pay interest quarterly at a rate of 9.375% per annum.
At March 31, 2026, borrowings under repurchase agreements, revolving credit facilities, warehouse lines of credit and senior notes had the following characteristics:
| (dollars in thousands) | March 31, 2026 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Borrowing Type | Amount Outstanding | Weighted Average Borrowing Rate | Weighted Average Years to Maturity | |||||||||||||||||
| Repurchase agreements | $ | 7,245,287 | 4.07 | % | 0.2 | |||||||||||||||
| Revolving credit facilities | 916,871 | 6.68 | % | 1.5 | ||||||||||||||||
|
Warehouse lines of credit
|
12,694 | 5.67 | % | 0.2 | ||||||||||||||||
|
Senior notes
|
111,200 | 9.38 | % | 4.4 | ||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | 8,286,052 | 4.44 | % | 0.4 | |||||||||||||||
| (dollars in thousands) | March 31, 2026 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Collateral Type | Amount Outstanding | Weighted Average Borrowing Rate | Weighted Average Haircut on Collateral Value | |||||||||||||||||
| Agency RMBS | $ | 6,616,356 | 3.84 | % | 3.7 | % | ||||||||||||||
| Agency Derivatives | 48,698 | 4.26 | % | 18.6 | % | |||||||||||||||
|
Mortgage servicing rights
|
1,422,871 | 6.71 | % | 30.7 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Mortgage servicing advances | 69,000 | 6.37 | % | 13.4 | % | |||||||||||||||
|
Mortgage loans held-for-sale
|
17,927 | 5.67 | % | 0.4 | % | |||||||||||||||
|
Other (1)
|
111,200 | 9.38 | % | N/A | ||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | 8,286,052 | 4.44 | % | 8.5 | % | ||||||||||||||
____________________
(1)Includes unsecured borrowings under senior notes due August 2030, paying interest quarterly at a rate of 9.375% per annum on the aggregate principal amount, which was $115.0 million on March 31, 2026.
As of March 31, 2026, the debt-to-equity ratio funding our Agency and non-Agency investment securities, MSR and related servicing advances and mortgage loans held-for-sale, which includes unsecured borrowings under senior notes, was 4.8:1.0. Our Agency RMBS, given their liquidity and high credit quality, are eligible for higher levels of leverage, while MSR, with less liquidity and/or more exposure to prepayment risk, utilize lower levels of leverage. Generally, our debt-to-equity ratio is directly correlated to the composition of our portfolio; typically, the higher the percentage of Agency RMBS we hold, the higher our debt-to-equity ratio will be. However, in addition to portfolio mix, our debt-to-equity ratio is a function of many other factors, including the liquidity of our portfolio, the availability and price of our financing, the diversification of our counterparties and their available capacity to finance our assets, and anticipated regulatory developments. We may alter the percentage allocation of our portfolio among our target assets depending on the relative value of the assets that are available to purchase from time to time, including at times when we are deploying proceeds from offerings we conduct. We believe the current degree of leverage within our portfolio helps ensure that we have access to unused borrowing capacity, thus supporting our liquidity and the strength of our balance sheet.
The following table provides a summary of our borrowings under repurchase agreements (excluding those collateralized by U.S. Treasuries), revolving credit facilities, warehouse lines of credit, senior notes and convertible senior notes and our debt-to-equity ratios for the three months ended March 31, 2026, and the four immediately preceding quarters:
| (dollars in thousands) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| For the Three Months Ended | Quarterly Average | End of Period Balance | Maximum Balance of Any Month-End | End of Period Total Borrowings to Equity Ratio | End of Period Net Long (Short) TBA Cost Basis | End of Period Net Payable (Receivable) for Unsettled RMBS |
End of Period Economic Debt-to-Equity Ratio (1)
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| March 31, 2026 | $ | 8,081,685 | $ | 8,286,052 | $ | 8,286,052 | 4.8:1.0 | $ | 2,981,694 | $ | (230,695) | 6.4:1.0 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| December 31, 2025 | $ | 8,318,151 | $ | 8,557,182 | $ | 8,557,182 | 4.8:1.0 | $ | 4,185,465 | $ | (177,891) | 7.0:1.0 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| September 30, 2025 | $ | 8,671,136 | $ | 8,430,709 | $ | 8,525,078 | 4.8:1.0 | $ | 4,391,419 | $ | (133,405) | 7.2:1.0 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| June 30, 2025 | $ | 10,477,013 | $ | 10,175,579 | $ | 10,737,324 | 5.4:1.0 | $ | 3,009,819 | $ | 108,474 | 7.0:1.0 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| March 31, 2025 | $ | 9,995,726 | $ | 10,942,563 | $ | 10,942,563 | 5.1:1.0 | $ | 3,001,672 | $ | (643,896) | 6.2:1.0 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
____________________
(1)Defined as total borrowings under repurchase agreements (excluding those collateralized by U.S. Treasuries), revolving credit facilities, warehouse lines of credit, senior notes and convertible senior notes, plus implied debt on net TBA cost basis and net payable (receivable) for unsettled RMBS, divided by total equity.
Equity
The following table provides details of our changes in stockholders' equity from December 31, 2025 to March 31, 2026:
| (in millions, except per share amounts) | Book Value | Common Shares Outstanding | Common Book Value Per Share | ||||||||||||||
|
Common stockholders' equity at December 31, 2025
|
$ | 1,166.1 | 104.8 | $ | 11.13 | ||||||||||||
| Net income | 32.3 | ||||||||||||||||
| Other comprehensive loss | (44.2) | ||||||||||||||||
| Comprehensive loss | (11.9) | ||||||||||||||||
| Dividends on preferred stock | (12.8) | ||||||||||||||||
| Comprehensive loss attributable to common stockholders | (24.7) | ||||||||||||||||
|
Dividends on common stock
|
(36.0) | ||||||||||||||||
| Other | 4.4 | 0.2 | |||||||||||||||
|
Common stockholders' equity at March 31, 2026
|
$ | 1,109.8 | 105.0 | $ | 10.57 | ||||||||||||
| Total preferred stock liquidation preference | 621.8 | ||||||||||||||||
|
Total stockholders' equity at March 31, 2026
|
$ | 1,731.6 | |||||||||||||||
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Our liquidity and capital resources are managed and forecasted on a daily basis. We believe this helps ensure that we have sufficient liquidity to absorb market events that could negatively impact collateral valuations and result in margin calls. We also believe that it gives us the flexibility to manage our portfolio to take advantage of market opportunities.
Our principal sources of cash consist of borrowings under repurchase agreements, revolving credit facilities, warehouse lines of credit, senior notes, payments of principal and interest we receive on our target assets, cash generated from our operating results, and proceeds from capital market transactions. We typically use cash to repay principal and interest on our borrowings, to purchase our target assets, to make dividend payments on our capital stock, and to fund our operations. To the extent that we raise additional equity capital through capital market transactions, we anticipate using cash proceeds from such transactions to purchase our target assets and for other general corporate purposes. Such general corporate purposes may include the refinancing or repayment of debt, the repurchase or redemption of common and preferred equity securities, and other capital expenditures. We believe that cash generated from our operating results, liquidity under our borrowing capacity and proceeds from capital market transactions will be sufficient to meet our cash requirements for at least the next twelve months.
As of March 31, 2026, we held $476.3 million in cash and cash equivalents available to support our operations; $9.0 billion of AFS securities, MSR, mortgage loans held-for-sale and derivative assets held at fair value; and $8.3 billion of outstanding debt in the form of repurchase agreements and borrowings under revolving credit facilities, warehouse lines of credit and senior notes. The debt-to-equity ratio funding our Agency and non-Agency investment securities, MSR and related servicing advances and mortgage loans held-for-sale, which also includes all unsecured corporate debt, was 4.8:1.0 at March 31, 2026, consistent with the prior quarter. The economic debt-to-equity ratio funding our Agency and non-Agency investment securities, MSR and related servicing advances and mortgage loans held-for-sale, which also includes all unsecured corporate debt, implied debt on net TBA cost basis and net payable (receivable) for unsettled RMBS, was 6.4:1.0 at March 31, 2026, a decrease from 7.0:1.0 at December 31, 2025.
As of March 31, 2026, we held approximately $7.3 million of unpledged Agency RMBS and $3.1 million of unpledged non-Agency securities. As a result, we had an overall estimated unused borrowing capacity on unpledged securities of approximately $8.2 million. As of March 31, 2026, we held approximately $1.6 million of unpledged MSR and $7.4 million of unpledged servicing advances. Overall, on March 31, 2026, we had $102.1 million unused committed and $875.0 million unused uncommitted borrowing capacity on MSR financing facilities, and $81.0 million in unused committed borrowing capacity on servicing advance financing facilities. As of March 31, 2026, we held approximately $0.4 million of unpledged mortgage loans and had $22.3 million unused committed borrowing capacity on our warehouse lines of credit and $44.8 million unused uncommitted borrowing capacity on our loan repurchase agreement. Generally, unused borrowing capacity may be the result of our election not to utilize certain financing, as well as delays in the timing in which funding is provided, insufficient collateral or the inability to meet lenders' eligibility requirements for specific types of asset classes. On a daily basis, we monitor and forecast our available, or excess, liquidity. Additionally, we frequently perform shock analyses against various market events to monitor the adequacy of our excess liquidity.
During the three months ended March 31, 2026, we did not experience any material issues accessing our funding sources. We expect ongoing sources of financing to be primarily repurchase agreements, revolving credit facilities, warehouse lines of credit, senior notes and similar financing arrangements. We plan to finance our assets with a moderate amount of leverage, the level of which may vary based upon the particular characteristics of our portfolio and market conditions.
As of March 31, 2026, we had master repurchase agreements in place with 21 counterparties (lenders), the majority of which are U.S. domiciled financial institutions, and we continue to evaluate additional counterparties to manage and optimize counterparty risk. Under our repurchase agreements, we are required to pledge additional assets as collateral to our lenders when the estimated fair value of the existing pledged collateral under such agreements declines and such lenders, through a margin call, demand additional collateral. Lenders generally make margin calls because of a perceived decline in the value of our assets collateralizing the repurchase agreements. This may occur following the monthly principal reduction of assets due to scheduled amortization and prepayments on the underlying mortgages, or may be caused by changes in market interest rates, a perceived decline in the market value of the investments and other market factors. To cover a margin call, we may pledge additional assets or cash. At maturity, any cash on deposit as collateral is generally applied against the repurchase agreement balance, thereby reducing the amount borrowed. Should the value of our assets suddenly decrease, significant margin calls on our repurchase agreements could result, causing an adverse change in our liquidity position.
In addition to our master repurchase agreements that fund our Agency and non-Agency securities, we have three repurchase facilities and two revolving credit facilities that provide short- and long-term financing for our MSR portfolio. We also have one revolving credit facility that provides long-term financing for our servicing advances, and one master repurchase agreement and one warehouse line of credit that provide short-term financing for our mortgage loans held-for-sale. A summary of our MSR, servicing advance and mortgage loan financing facilities is provided in the table below:
|
(in thousands)
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| March 31, 2026 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Expiration Date (1)
|
Amount Outstanding |
Unused Committed Capacity (2)
|
Unused Uncommitted Capacity | Total Capacity | Eligible Collateral | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| March 31, 2027 | $ | 567,731 | $ | 82,269 | $ | 250,000 | $ | 900,000 | Mortgage servicing rights | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| March 8, 2029 | $ | 280,140 | $ | 19,860 | $ | 200,000 | $ | 500,000 |
Mortgage servicing rights (3)
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||
| November 23, 2026 | $ | 350,000 | $ | - | $ | 50,000 | $ | 400,000 |
Mortgage servicing rights (4)
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||
| October 26, 2026 | $ | 150,000 | $ | - | $ | 150,000 | $ | 300,000 |
Mortgage servicing rights (4)
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||
| July 30, 2026 | $ | 75,000 | $ | - | $ | 225,000 | $ | 300,000 |
Mortgage servicing rights (4)
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||
| June 14, 2026 | $ | 69,000 | $ | 81,000 | $ | - | $ | 150,000 | Mortgage servicing advances | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| August 18, 2026 | $ | 12,694 | $ | 22,306 | $ | 15,000 | $ | 50,000 | Mortgage loans held-for-sale | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| June 25, 2026 | $ | 5,233 | $ | - | $ | 44,767 | $ | 50,000 | Mortgage loans held-for-sale | |||||||||||||||||||||||
____________________
(1)The facilities are set to mature on the stated expiration date, unless extended pursuant to their terms.
(2)Represents unused capacity amounts to which commitment fees are charged.
(3)The revolving period of this facility ceases on March 8, 2028, at which time the facility starts a 12-month amortization period.
(4)These repurchase facilities are secured by the related VFNs issued by TH MSR Issuer Trust and collateralized by portions of our MSR portfolio. See Note 3 - Variable Interest Entities to the consolidated financial statements, included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, for further details.
We are subject to a variety of financial covenants under our lending agreements. The following represent the most restrictive financial covenants across our lending agreements as of March 31, 2026:
•Total indebtedness to tangible net worth must be less than 8.0:1.0. As of March 31, 2026, our total indebtedness to tangible net worth, as defined, was 5.0:1.0.
•Liquidity, as defined, and unrestricted cash must be greater than $152.6 million and $75.0 million, respectively. As of March 31, 2026, our liquidity, as defined, was $516.8 million and our unrestricted cash balance was $476.3 million.
•Net worth, as defined, must be greater than $1.5 billion. As of March 31, 2026, our net worth, as defined, was $1.7 billion.
We are also subject to additional financial covenants in connection with various other agreements we enter into in the normal course of our business. We intend to continue to operate in a manner which complies with all of our financial covenants.
The following table summarizes assets at carrying values that were pledged or restricted as collateral for the future payment obligations of repurchase agreements, revolving credit facilities and warehouse lines of credit at March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025:
| (in thousands) |
March 31, 2026 |
December 31, 2025 |
|||||||||
| Available-for-sale securities, at fair value | $ | 6,498,786 | $ | 6,505,374 | |||||||
| Mortgage servicing rights, at fair value | 2,379,395 | 2,417,593 | |||||||||
| Mortgage loans held-for-sale, at fair value | 18,151 | 13,350 | |||||||||
| Restricted cash | 140,899 | 108,723 | |||||||||
| Due from counterparties | 255,451 | 206,514 | |||||||||
| Derivative assets, at fair value | 62,094 | 67,227 | |||||||||
| Other assets | 79,983 | 100,133 | |||||||||
| Total | $ | 9,434,759 | $ | 9,418,914 | |||||||
Although we generally intend to hold our target assets as long-term investments, we may sell certain of our assets in order to manage our interest rate risk and liquidity needs, to meet other operating objectives and to adapt to market conditions. Our Agency RMBS are generally actively traded and thus, in most circumstances, readily liquid. However, certain of our assets, including MSR and mortgage loans held-for-sale, are subject to longer trade timelines, and, as a result, market conditions could significantly and adversely affect the liquidity of our assets. Any illiquidity of our assets may make it difficult for us to sell such assets if the need or desire arises. Our ability to quickly sell certain assets, such as MSR and mortgage loans, may be limited by delays encountered while obtaining certain Agency approvals required for such dispositions and may be further limited by delays due to the time period needed for negotiating transaction documents, conducting diligence, and complying with Agency requirements regarding the transfer of such assets before settlement may occur. Consequently, even if we identify a buyer for our MSR and mortgage loans, there is no assurance that we would be able to quickly sell such assets if the need or desire arises.
In addition, if we are required to liquidate all or a portion of our portfolio quickly, we may realize significantly less than the value at which we previously recorded our assets. Assets that are illiquid are more difficult to finance, and to the extent that we use leverage to finance assets that become illiquid, we may lose that leverage or have it reduced. Assets tend to become less liquid during times of financial stress, which is often the time that liquidity is most needed. As a result, our ability to sell assets or vary our portfolio in response to changes in economic and other conditions may be limited by liquidity constraints, which could adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.
We cannot predict the timing and impact of future sales of our assets, if any. Because many of our assets are financed with repurchase agreements, revolving credit facilities and warehouse lines of credit, a significant portion of the proceeds from sales of our assets (if any), prepayments and scheduled amortization are used to repay balances under these financing sources.
The following table provides the maturities of our repurchase agreements, revolving credit facilities, warehouse lines of credit, senior notes and convertible senior notes as of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025:
| (in thousands) |
March 31, 2026 |
December 31, 2025 |
|||||||||
| Within 30 days | $ | 2,196,967 | $ | 2,512,817 | |||||||
| 30 to 59 days | 1,510,368 | 1,745,355 | |||||||||
| 60 to 89 days | 912,964 | 1,702,483 | |||||||||
| 90 to 119 days | 721,971 | 916,101 | |||||||||
| 120 to 364 days | 1,984,711 | 721,500 | |||||||||
| One to three years | 847,871 | 567,731 | |||||||||
| Three to five years | 111,200 | 391,195 | |||||||||
| Total | $ | 8,286,052 | $ | 8,557,182 | |||||||
For the three months ended March 31, 2026, our restricted and unrestricted cash balance decreased approximately $301.8 million to $0.8 billion at March 31, 2026. The cash movements can be summarized by the following:
•Cash flows from operating activities. For the three months ended March 31, 2026, operating activities increased our cash balances by approximately $56.6 million, primarily driven by our financial results for the quarter.
•Cash flows from investing activities. For the three months ended March 31, 2026, investing activities decreased our cash balances by approximately $38.1 million, driven by net purchases of AFS securities and net payments for reverse repurchase agreements, partially offset by principal payments received on AFS securities and net proceeds on derivative instruments.
•Cash flows from financing activities. For the three months ended March 31, 2026, financing activities decreased our cash balance by approximately $320.2 million, primarily driven by the repayment of our convertible senior notes on their January 15, 2026 maturity date, the payment of fourth quarter dividends and net paydowns on our repurchase agreement financing.
Recently Issued Accounting Standards
Refer to Note 2 - Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies of the notes to the consolidated financial statements included in Part I, Item 1 of this Form 10-Q.
Inflation
Our assets and liabilities are financial in nature. As a result, changes in interest rates and other factors impact our performance far more than does inflation, although inflation rates can often have a meaningful influence over the direction of interest rates. Our financial statements are prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP and dividends are based upon net ordinary income and capital gains as calculated for tax purposes; in each case, our results of operations and reported assets, liabilities and equity are measured with reference to historical cost or fair value without considering inflation.
Two Harbors Investment Corp. published this content on April 29, 2026, and is solely responsible for the information contained herein. Distributed via EDGAR on April 29, 2026 at 12:47 UTC. If you believe the information included in the content is inaccurate or outdated and requires editing or removal, please contact us at [email protected]