Quarterly Report for Quarter Ending September 30, 2025 (Form 10-Q)

Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

U.S. GoldMining Inc.

Management's Discussion and Analysis

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025

General

Unless the context otherwise requires, references to "U.S. GoldMining", "the Company", "we", "us" and "our" refer to U.S. GoldMining Inc., a Nevada corporation and references to "$" or "dollars" are to United States dollars.

You should read this management's discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 (the "MD&A") in conjunction with our unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements included in Item 1 of our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 (the "Quarterly Report"), as well as our audited consolidated financial statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024 (the "Annual Report"), including, in each case, the related notes contained therein.

Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements

This MD&A includes forward-looking statements and forward-looking information as respectively defined under applicable Canadian securities laws and the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, collectively referred to as "forward-looking statements". Forward-looking statements include statements that relate to our plans, objectives, goals, strategies, future events, future revenue or performance, capital expenditures, financing needs and other information that is not historical information. Forward-looking statements can often be identified by the use of terminology such as "subject to", "believe", "anticipate", "plan", "target", "expect", "intend", "estimate", "project", "outlook", "may", "will", "should", "would", "could", "can", the negatives thereof, variations thereon and similar expressions, or by discussions of strategy. In addition, any statements that refer to expectations, beliefs, plans, projections, objectives, performance or other characterizations of future events or circumstances, including any underlying assumptions, are forward-looking. In particular, forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, statements about:

●

our expectations regarding raising capital and developing the 100%-owned Whistler exploration property located in Alaska, USA (the "Whistler Project");

●

planned activities, including proposed exploration, development and the completion of proposed studies pertaining to the Whistler Project and the goals thereof; and

●

our estimates regarding future liquidity requirements and the need for additional financing in the future.

These forward-looking statements are based on our opinions, estimates and assumptions in light of our experience and perception of historical trends, current conditions and expected future developments, as well as other factors that we currently believe are appropriate and reasonable in the circumstances, including that:

●

the timing and ability to obtain requisite operational, environmental and other licenses, permits and approvals, including extensions thereof will occur and proceed as expected;

●

current gold, silver, base metal and other commodity prices will be sustained, or will improve;

●

the proposed development of the Whistler Project will be viable operationally and economically and will proceed as expected;

●

any additional financing required by us will be available on reasonable terms or at all; and

●

the Company will not experience any material accident, labor dispute or failure of plant or equipment.

Despite a careful process to prepare and review the forward-looking statements, there can be no assurance that the underlying opinions, estimates and assumptions will prove to be correct.

Forward-looking statements are necessarily based on a number of opinions, estimates and assumptions that we considered appropriate and reasonable as of the date such statements are made, are subject to known and unknown risks, uncertainties, assumptions and other factors that may cause the actual results, level of activity, performance or achievements to be materially different from those expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements, including but not limited to the risk factors described in greater detail under Item 1A. Risk Factors in our Annual Report. Should one or more of these risks and uncertainties materialize, or should underlying assumptions prove incorrect, actual results may vary materially from those described in forward-looking statements.

These factors should not be construed as exhaustive and should be read with other cautionary statements in this document. Although we have attempted to identify important risk factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in forward-looking statements, there may be other risk factors not presently known to us or that we presently believe are not material that could also cause actual results or future events to differ materially from those expressed in such forward-looking statements. There can be no assurance that such information will prove to be accurate, as actual results and future events could differ materially from those anticipated in such information. Accordingly, readers should not place undue reliance on forward-looking statements, which speaks only as of the date made. The forward-looking statements contained in this document represent our expectations as of the date of this MD&A (or as the date they are otherwise stated to be made) and are subject to change after such date. However, we disclaim any intention or obligation or undertaking to update or revise any forward-looking statements whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as required under applicable securities laws.

Business Overview

We are a United States domiciled exploration stage company and our sole project is currently the Whistler Project. The Whistler Project is a gold-copper exploration project located in the Yentna Mining District, approximately 105 miles (170 kilometres) northwest of Anchorage, in Alaska.

We were incorporated on June 30, 2015, in Alaska as "BRI Alaska Corp.". On September 8, 2022, we redomiciled to Nevada and changed our name to "U.S. GoldMining Inc." We are a subsidiary of GoldMining Inc. ("GoldMining"), a company organized under the laws of Canada and listed on the Toronto Stock Exchange and NYSE American. As of the date hereof, GoldMining owns 9,878,261 shares of our common stock, par value $0.001 per share ("Common Stock"), representing 74.4% of the outstanding shares of our Common Stock, and warrants ("Warrants") to purchase up to 122,490 additional shares of our Common Stock, exercisable at a price of $13.00 per share until April 24, 2026.

Our principal executive offices are located at 1188 West Georgia Street, Suite 1830, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6E 4A2, our registered office is 3773 Howard Hughes Pkwy #500s Las Vegas, NV 89169 and our head operating office is located at 301 Calista Court, Suite 200, Office 203, Anchorage, Alaska, 99518. Our website address is www.usgoldmining.us.

Our shares of Common Stock and Warrants are listed on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol "USGO" and "USGOW", respectively.

Recent Developments

On June 9, 2025, we announced that we had selected Ausenco Engineering Canada ULC as the principal consulting firm to lead our proposed initial economic assessment (the "PEA") for the Whistler Project. The study is intended to constitute an initial assessment under subpart 1300 of Regulation S-K as issued by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission and a preliminary economic assessment under Canadian National Instrument 43-101.

On July 21, 2025, we announced our exploration program for the 2025 field season at the Whistler Project (the "2025 Exploration Program"), designed to focus on developing new potential porphyry gold-copper drill targets within the Whistler Orbit and undertaking follow-up mapping and sampling at the Muddy Creek prospect. The 2025 Exploration Program commenced in July 2025 and was completed in October 2025.

On August 27, 2025, we announced that the 2025 Exploration Program was underway. We also disclosed that follow-up mapping and sampling of the Muddy Creek mineral system has also commenced.

On September 22, 2025, we announced updated results from a metallurgical test work program announced on April 24, 2025.

On October 13, 2025, we announced the completion of the 2025 Exploration Program.

At-The-Market Equity Program

On May 15, 2024, we entered into an At The Market Offering Agreement (the "Sales Agreement") with a lead agent and co-agents providing for an at-the-market equity sales program (the "ATM Program"). Pursuant to the ATM Program, we could originally sell shares of our Common Stock having an aggregate offering price of up to $5.5 million from time to time through the sales agents subject to the terms of the Sales Agreement. Sales under the ATM Program may be made directly or through the facilities of the NASDAQ or other active trading market in the United States. A fixed cash commission rate of 2.5% on the gross sales price per share of Common Stock sold under the ATM Program is payable to the agents in connection with any such sales.

On September 30, 2025, we filed a prospectus supplement with the SEC to increase the maximum number of shares of our Common Stock issuable under the ATM Program by an additional $7,645,000.

During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, we sold 308,282 and 419,704 shares of our Common Stock, respectively, under the ATM Program for respective gross proceeds in each period of $3,054,072 and $4,176,325. Aggregate commissions paid to the agents under the ATM Program were $80,776 and $113,930 in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, respectively.

Subsequent to September 30, 2025, we sold 380,891 shares of Common Stock under the ATM Program for gross proceeds of $5,060,416, with aggregate commissions paid or payable to the agents of $133,153, which was an average sales price of approximately $13.29 per share of Common Stock.

Results of Operations

Three months ended September 30, 2025, compared to three months ended September 30, 2024

		Three Months Ended September 30
		2025				2024				Change
Selected operating results
Net loss for the period		$	(2,814,623	)		$	(4,345,749	)		$	1,531,126
Loss from operations			(2,835,773	)			(4,429,246	)			1,593,473
Exploration expenses			2,095,409				3,911,335				(1,815,926	)
General and administrative expenses			699,855				477,869				221,986
Depreciation		$	35,435			$	35,436			$	(1	)

For the three months ended September 30, 2025, we recorded a net loss of $2,814,623 (or $0.22 per share), compared to $4,345,749 (or $0.35 per share) for the same period of 2024. The decrease was primarily due to lower exploration expenses, partially offset by increased general and administrative expenses.

For the three months ended September 30, 2025, we had exploration expenses of $2,095,409, compared to $3,911,335 for the same period of 2024. During the three months ended September 30, 2025, exploration expenses primarily consisted of:

(i)

drilling and associated costs of $811,206, compared to $1,873,557 for the same period of 2024. Such expenses during the three months ended September 30, 2025, were primarily for the 2025 drilling program at the Whistler Project, which focused on broader regional coverage using scout auger drilling to develop new drill targets within the Whistler-Raintree mineral system. The decrease compared to the same period in 2024 mainly reflected differences in the scope and technical focus of the drilling programs between the two field seasons;

(ii)

camp and field support expenses of $542,134, compared to $847,382 for the same period of 2024. The expenses during the three months ended September 30, 2025, were primarily for camp costs, including equipment maintenance, camp management labor and supplies for the ongoing 2025 Exploration Program, as well as stakeholder engagement to support the Alaska state led future access road. The decrease compared to the same period of 2024 was mainly due to scope and timing differences of the field programs between the two periods. The 2025 field program focused on scout auger drilling and commenced in July 2025, whereas the 2024 field program was a diamond core drilling program which commenced earlier, in June 2024;

(iii)

third-party consulting fees of $526,470, compared to $656,577 for the same period of 2024. The consulting fees during the three months ended September 30, 2025, were primarily for metallurgical testwork, the PEA, and the planning and management of our exploration activities at the Whistler Project. In addition, consulting fees to third parties to conduct regulator, community and other stakeholder engagements; and

(iv)

transportation, travel and other exploration expenses of $215,599, compared to $533,819 for the same period of 2024. Such expenses were primarily for fuel consumption, aircraft charter costs to transport crews, equipment and supplies to the Whistler Project. The higher expenses during the same period of 2024, were primarily driven by higher fuel consumptions, higher aircraft charter activity required to mobilize crews, equipment, and supplies in connection with the 2024 exploration program.

For the three months ended September 30, 2025, general and administrative expenses were $699,855, compared to $477,869 for the same period of 2024. During the three months ended September 30, 2025, general and administrative expenditures primarily consisted of:

(i)

consulting, corporate development and investor relations expenses of $268,156, compared to $136,980 for the same period of 2024. The increase was primarily attributable to higher digital marketing expenses;

(ii)

professional fees of $109,207, compared to $55,922 for the same period of 2024. The increase was primarily attributable to legal and accounting fees associated with the ATM Program incurred;

(iii)

management fees, salaries and benefits of $107,845, compared to $87,364 for the same period of 2024;

(iv)

office administrative and insurance expenses of $103,499, compared to $113,429 for the same period of 2024;

(v)

stock-based compensation expenses of $59,052, which were primarily related to the fair value of stock options and restricted stock units ("RSUs") issued by us to management, directors, consultants and employees, compared to $43,490 for the same period of 2024. The increase was primarily related to vesting of stock options and RSUs granted in December 2024;

(vi)

filing, listing, dues and subscriptions expenses of $29,946, compared to $24,521 for the same period of 2024; and

(vii)

travel, website design and hosting expenses of $22,150, compared to $16,163 for the same period of 2024.

For the three months ended September 30, 2025, depreciation expenses were $35,435, compared to $35,436 in the same period of 2024.

For the three months ended September 30, 2025, our loss from operations was $2,835,773, compared to $4,429,246 for the same period of 2024. The decrease was primarily related to the decrease of exploration expenses, partially offset by the increase of general and administrative expenses.

Nine months ended September 30, 2025, compared to nine months ended September 30, 2024

		Nine Months Ended September 30
		2025				2024				Change
Selected operating results
Net loss for the period		$	(5,011,239	)		$	(6,795,401	)		$	1,784,162
Loss from operations			(5,081,961	)			(7,146,761	)			2,064,800
Exploration expenses			2,538,765				5,249,235				(2,710,470	)
General and administrative expenses			2,422,030				1,793,880				628,150
Depreciation		$	106,305			$	90,157			$	16,148

For the nine months ended September 30, 2025, we recorded a net loss of $5,011,239 (or $0.40 per share), compared to $6,795,401 (or $0.55 per share) for the same period of 2024. The decrease was primarily due to the decrease of exploration expenses, partially offset by the increase of general and administrative expenses.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2025, we had exploration expenses of $2,538,765, compared to $5,249,235 for the same period of 2024. During the nine months ended September 30, 2025, exploration expenses primarily consisted of:

(i)

third-party consulting fees of $844,562, compared to $1,097,859 for the same period of 2024. The consulting fees during the nine months ended September 30, 2025, were primarily for the planning and management of our exploration activities at the Whistler Project, metallurgical testwork, the PEA and commencement of regulator, community and other stakeholder engagements.

(v)

drilling and associated costs of $836,449, compared to $2,236,578 for the same period of 2024. Such expenses during the nine months ended September 30, 2025, were primarily for the 2025 drilling program at the Whistler Project, which focused on broader regional coverage using scout auger drilling to develop new drill targets within the Whistler-Raintree mineral system. The decrease compared to the same period in 2024 mainly reflected differences in the scope and technical focus of the drilling programs between the two field seasons;

(ii)

camp and field support expenses of $604,012, compared to $1,186,419 for the same period of 2024. The camp and field support expenses during the nine months ended September 30, 2025, were primarily for camp maintenance costs and stakeholder engagement to support the Alaska state led future access road. The decrease compared to the same period of 2024 was mainly due to differences in the scope and timing of the field programs between the two periods. The 2025 field program focused on scout auger drilling and commenced in July 2025, whereas the 2024 field program was a diamond core drilling program which commenced earlier, in June 2024; and

(iii)

transportation, travel and other exploration expenses of $253,742, compared to $728,379 for the same period of 2024. Such expenses were primarily for equipment rental and aircraft charter costs to transport crews and supplies to the Whistler Project, and travel costs related to the stakeholder engagement program. The higher expenses during the nine months ended September 30, 2024, were primarily driven by higher fuel consumptions, higher aircraft charter activity required to mobilize crews, equipment, and supplies in connection with the 2024 exploration program.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2025, general and administrative expenses were $2,422,030, compared to $1,793,880 for the same period of 2024. During the nine months ended September 30, 2025, general and administrative expenditures primarily consisted of:

(i)

consulting, corporate development and investor relations expenses of $904,840, compared to $366,855 for the same period of 2024. The increase was primarily attributable to higher digital marketing expenditures;

(ii)

professional fees of $365,260, compared to $474,509 for the same period of 2024. The higher professional fees during the same period of 2024 primarily reflected higher legal and accounting fees associated with the filing of a registration statement and the implementation of the ATM Program incurred during the nine months ended September 30, 2024;

(iii)

stock-based compensation expenses of $354,117, which were primarily related to the fair value of stock options and RSUs issued by us to management, directors, consultants and employees, compared to $184,127 for the same period of 2024. The increase was primarily related to vesting of stock options and RSUs granted in December 2024;

(iv)

office administrative and insurance expenses of $320,901, compared to $360,765 for the same period of 2024;

(v)

management fees, salaries and benefits of $303,874, compared to $262,006 for the same period of 2024;

(vi)

filing, listing, dues and subscriptions expenses of $121,290, compared to $112,843 for the same period of 2024; and

(vii)

travel, website design and hosting expenses of $51,748, compared to $32,775 for the same period of 2024.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2025, depreciation expenses were $106,305, compared to $90,157 in the same period of 2024. The increase was primarily due to depreciation of new equipment acquired in the prior year.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2025, our loss from operations was $5,081,961, compared to $7,146,761 for the same period of 2024. The decrease was primarily for the decrease of exploration expenses, partially offset by the increase of general and administrative expenses.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

		As at September 30, 2025				As at December 31, 2024
Cash and cash equivalents		$	3,289,803			$	3,880,747
Working capital(1)			3,223,888				3,697,987
Total assets			4,711,217				5,149,151
Total current liabilities			581,379				420,241
Accounts payable			40,284				185,251
Accrued liabilities			331,252				28,983
Total non-current liabilities			279,430				283,775
Stockholders' equity		$	3,850,408			$	4,445,135

(1)

Working capital is the difference between the total current assets and total current liabilities.

As of September 30, 2025, we had cash and cash equivalents of $3,289,803, compared to $3,880,747 as of December 31, 2024, and restricted cash of $42,966, compared to $86,261 as of December 31, 2024. The decrease in cash was primarily due to general and administrative expenses and exploration expenditures, partially offset by the net proceeds from sales under the ATM Program. We had other receivables of $12,388, compared to $7,419 as of December 31, 2024. The increase in other receivables was mainly for interest receivables from term deposits. We had prepaid expenses of $445,390 as of September 30, 2025, compared to $108,943 as of December 31, 2024. The increase in prepaid expenses was primarily due to the $197,108 cash advances to a third party technical consulting company for management of the exploration program for the Whistler Project, the increase of prepaid corporate development expenses and prepaid dues and subscriptions expenses, partially offset by the decrease of prepaid insurance expenses.

As of September 30, 2025, we had current liabilities of $581,379, compared to $420,241 as of December 31, 2024. Current liabilities as of September 30, 2025, consisted of: (i) accounts payable of $40,284, compared to $185,251 as of December 31, 2024; (ii) accrued liabilities of $331,252, compared to $28,983 as of December 31, 2024; (iii) current portion of lease liabilities of $28,980, compared to $25,144 as of December 31, 2024; (iv) other payables of $180,863, which remained the same as of December 31, 2024. The increase in total current liabilities was primarily driven by higher accounts payables and accrued liabilities related to expenditures incurred during the 2025 field season exploration activities.

We have not generated any revenue from operations and the only sources of financing to date have been through advances from GoldMining, our initial public offering (the "IPO"), the exercise of share purchase warrants and our ATM Program. Our ability to meet our obligations and finance exploration activities depends on our ability to generate cash flow through the issuance of shares of Common Stock pursuant to private placements, public offerings, including under the ATM Program, share purchase warrant exercises, and short-term or long-term loans. Capital markets may not be receptive to offerings of new equity from treasury or debt, whether by way of private placements or public offerings. This may be further complicated by the limited liquidity for our shares of Common Stock, restricting access to some institutional investors. Our growth and success is dependent on external sources of financing, which may not be available on acceptable terms, or at all.

As of September 30, 2025, we did not have any off-balance sheet arrangements.

Summary of Cash Flows

Operating Activities

Net cash used in operating activities during the nine months ended September 30, 2025, was $4,696,634, compared to $6,640,446 during the same period of 2024. The decrease in cash used was due primarily to a decrease in operating expenses during this period. During the nine months ended September 30, 2025, net cash used in operating activities primarily consisted of:

(i)

prepaid expenses used cash of $336,447 in the nine months ended September 30, 2025, compared to $430,548 in the same period of 2024;

(ii)

accrued liabilities provided cash of $302,269 in the nine months ended September 30, 2025, compared to accrued liabilities using cash of $82,105 in the same period of 2024;

(iii)

accounts payable used cash of $144,967 in the nine months ended September 30, 2025, compared to accounts payable providing cash $272,917 in the same period of 2024; and

(iv)

other receivables used cash of $4,969 in the nine months ended September 30, 2025, compared to other receivables providing cash of $121,603 in the same period of 2024.

Significant operating expenditures during the nine months ended September 30, 2025, and 2024, included general and administrative expenses and exploration expenditures.

Investing Activities

Net cash used in investing activities during the nine months ended September 30, 2025, was $nil, compared to $171,835 relating to the purchase of equipment during the same period of 2024.

Financing Activities

For the nine months ended September 30, 2025, net cash provided by financing activities was $4,062,395, attributable to the net proceeds received from the ATM Program, compared to $10,202 during the same period of 2024, which related to the allocated personnel costs from GoldMining.

Commitments Required to Keep Whistler Project in Good Standing

We are required to make annual land payments to the Department of Natural Resources of Alaska in the amount of $230,605 in 2025 and thereafter, to keep the Whistler Project in good standing. Additionally, we have an annual labor requirement of $135,200 for 2025 and thereafter, for which a cash-in-lieu payment equal to the value of the annual labor requirement may be made instead.

Future Commitments

We have obligations pursuant to underlying agreements on the Whistler Project, as follows:

1.

2.75% net smelter return ("NSR") over all 377 claims and extending outside the current claims over an Area of Interest defined by the maximum historical extent of claims held on the Whistler Project to Osisko Mining (USA) Inc. ("OM") pursuant to an Amended and Restated Net Smelter Returns Royalty Deed dated December 16, 2014, granted by Geoinformatics Alaska Exploration Inc. (as assumed by us on August 5, 2015) in favour of MF2 LLC (as assumed by OM). Gold Royalty U.S. Corp. holds a right to buy down the royalty percentage from 2.75% to 2.0% upon payment to OM of a one-time payment of $5,000,000. The royalty was subsequently assigned to Nevada Select Royalty, Inc. (a subsidiary of Gold Royalty Corp.).

2.

2.0% net proceeds royalty interest over an Area of Interest specified by standard township sub-division overlying the Whistler Deposit and Raintree West deposit to Sandstorm Gold Ltd. pursuant to an agreement dated October 1, 1999, between us (the ultimate successor-in-interest to Kent Turner, Jr.) and Sandstorm Gold Ltd. (the ultimate successor-in-interest to Cominco American Incorporated). In October 2025, following the acquisition of Sandstorm Gold Ltd. by Royal Gold, Inc., the interest was transferred to RG Royalties, a wholly owned subsidiary of Royal Gold, Inc..

3.

1.0% NSR over the Whistler Project to Gold Royalty U.S. Corp. pursuant to a Net Smelter Returns Royalty Agreement dated January 11, 2021, between us and Gold Royalty U.S. Corp.

In July 2025, we entered into an agreement for professional services with Equity Geoscience Ltd. for the management of an exploration program for the Whistler Project. The agreement included an approved work order totaling $1,844,000 for the period from January 1, 2025, to April 30, 2026. The work order may be paused, postponed or terminated by either party with 30 days written notice. In October 2025, we amended the work order to $2,094,000. Additionally, as of the date of this filing, we have paid $1,969,848 towards the approved work order.

Transactions with Related Parties

We share personnel, including key management personnel, office space, equipment, and various administrative services with other companies, including GoldMining, which owned 76.6% of our outstanding shares of Common Stock as at September 30, 2025. Costs incurred by GoldMining are allocated between its related subsidiaries based on an estimate of time incurred and use of services and are charged at cost. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, the allocated costs from GoldMining to us were $nil ($5,511 and $23,877 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, respectively). Out of the allocated costs for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, $2,294 and $13,675, respectively, were for non-cash stock based compensation expenses. During the nine months ended September 30, 2024, the allocated costs from GoldMining were treated as a capital contribution, as there is no obligation or intent regarding the repayment of such amounts by us.

During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, we incurred $1,019 and $4,726, respectively, ($1,299 and $140,812 during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, respectively), in general and administrative expenses related to website design, video production, website hosting services and marketing services paid to Blender Media Inc. ("Blender"), a company whose principal is an immediate family member of a co-chairman and director of GoldMining. Blender is a design and marketing agency that provides services to numerous publicly traded companies.

During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, stock-based compensation expenses included stock-based compensation recovery of $8,687 and $6,269, respectively (stock-based compensation expenses of $2,132 and $7,232, respectively during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024), in amounts incurred for a co-chairman and director of GoldMining for performance based Restricted Shares granted in September 2022.

Related party transactions are recorded based on the amounts agreed to by the parties. During the quarters ended September 30, 2025, and 2024, we did not enter into any contracts or undertake any commitment or obligation with any related parties other than as described herein.

Our Audit Committee is charged with reviewing and approving all related party transactions and reviewing and making recommendations to our board of directors or approving any contracts or other transactions with any of our current or former executive officers. The Charter of the Audit Committee sets forth our written policy for the review of related party transactions.

Outstanding Securities

As of the date hereof, we have 13,273,195 shares of our Common Stock outstanding, including 254,000 performance based Restricted Shares. In addition, we have outstanding stock options issued under our long-term incentive plan to purchase 279,800 shares of our Common Stock at an exercise price of $10 per share, 8,561 outstanding RSUs, and outstanding Warrants to purchase 1,740,992 shares of our Common Stock at an exercise price of $13 per share. The exercise of stock options and Warrants is at the discretion of their respective holders and, accordingly, there is no assurance that any of the stock options or Warrants will be exercised in the future.

Critical Accounting Estimates and Judgments

The preparation of these financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make judgments and estimates and form assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and reported amounts of income and expenses during the year. On an ongoing basis, management evaluates its judgments and estimates in relation to assets, liabilities, income and expenses. Management uses historical experience and various other factors it believes to be reasonable under the given circumstances as the basis for its judgments and estimates. Actual outcomes may differ from these estimates under different assumptions and conditions.

Information about judgments made in applying accounting policies that have the most significant effects on the amounts recognized in the financial statements is as follows:

Asset retirement obligation

An asset retirement obligation represents the present value of estimated future costs for the rehabilitation of our mineral property. These estimates include assumptions as to the future activities, cost of services, timing of the rehabilitation work to be performed, inflation rates, exchange rates and interest rates. The actual cost to rehabilitate a mineral property may vary from the estimated amounts because there are uncertainties in factors used to estimate the cost and potential changes in regulations or laws governing the rehabilitation of a mineral property. Management periodically reviews the rehabilitation requirements and adjusts the liability as new information becomes available and will assess the impact of new regulations and laws as they are enacted.

Restricted Shares and RSUs

The fair values of restricted shares and RSUs are measured at the grant date and recognized over the period during which the restricted shares and RSUs vest. When restricted shares are conditional upon the achievement of a performance condition, we estimate the length of the expected vesting period at the grant date, based on the most likely outcome of the performance condition. The fair value of the restricted shares is determined based on the fair value of the shares of Common Stock on the grant date, adjusted for minority stockholder discount, liquidity discount and other applicable factors that are generally recognized by market participants. The fair values of restricted shares and RSUs are recognized as an expense over the vesting period based on the best available estimate of the number of restricted shares and RSUs expected to vest; that estimate will be revised if subsequent information indicates that the number of restricted shares and RSUs expected to vest differs from previous estimates.

Stock Options

We grant stock options to certain of our directors, officers, employees and consultants. We use the Black-Scholes option-pricing model to determine the grant date fair value of stock options. The fair value of stock options granted to employees is recognized as an expense over the vesting period with a corresponding increase in equity. An individual is classified as an employee when the individual is an employee for legal or tax purposes, provides services that could be provided by a direct employee, or has authority and responsibility for planning, directing and controlling our activities, including nonexecutive directors. The fair value is measured at grant date and recognized over the period during which the options vest. Forfeitures are accounted for as they occur. The Black-Scholes option-pricing model uses as inputs the fair value of our shares of Common Stock and assumptions we make for the volatility of our shares of Common Stock, the expected term of our stock options, the risk-free interest rate for a period that approximates the expected term of our stock options and our expected dividend yield. We have historically been a private company and continue to lack sufficient company-specific historical and implied volatility information. Therefore, we estimate our expected share volatility based on the historical volatility of a publicly traded set of peer companies and expect to continue to do so until such time as we have adequate historical data regarding the volatility of our own traded share price.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures. The ASU expands public entities' income tax disclosures by requiring disaggregated information about a reporting entity's effective tax rate reconciliation as well as information on income taxes paid. The standard is intended to benefit investors by providing more detailed income tax disclosures that would be useful in making capital allocation decisions. The ASU is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024. The guidance should be applied on a prospective basis with the option to apply the standard retrospectively. Early adoption is permitted. The adoption of this standard is not expected to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU-2024-03, Income Statement- Reporting Comprehensive Income- Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40): Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses. This ASU requires public entities to disclose specified information about certain costs and expenses at each interim and annual reporting period, which includes amounts for inventory purchases, employee compensation, depreciation, intangible asset amortization, and expenses related to oil and gas activities. This ASU will be effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2027, with early adoption permitted. We are currently evaluating the impact of adopting this ASU on our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

JOBS Act

In April 2012 the JOBS Act was enacted. Section 107 of the JOBS Act provides that an "emerging growth company" can take advantage of the extended transition period provided in Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, for complying with new or revised accounting standards. Thus, an emerging growth company can delay the adoption of certain accounting standards until those standards would otherwise apply to private companies.

We continue the process of evaluating the benefits of relying on other exemptions and reduced reporting requirements under the JOBS Act. Subject to certain conditions, as an emerging growth company, we may rely on certain of these exemptions, including without limitation, providing an auditor's attestation report on our system of internal controls over financial reporting pursuant to Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. We will remain an emerging growth company until the earlier of: (i) the last day of the fiscal year in which we have total annual gross revenue of $1.235 billion or more; (ii) the last day of the fiscal year following the fifth anniversary of the date of the completion of our IPO; (iii) the date on which we have issued more than $1.0 billion in nonconvertible debt during the previous three years; or (iv) the date on which we are deemed to be a large accelerated filer under the rules of the SEC.