Latest EBA MREL dashboard shows that MREL requirements range from 25% to 29% of risk-weighted assets, depending on bank category, while bail-in remains the preferred resolution[...]

The European Banking Authority (EBA) today published its latest semi-annual dashboard on the minimum requirement for own funds and eligible liabilities (MREL), providing an update on the state of resolution planning and on the resources that banks are using to meet their requirements. As of December 2025, bail-in remains the preferred resolution strategy in terms of risk-weighed assets (RWAs), while rollover needs reach EUR 231 billion for instruments set to become ineligible over the next 12 months.

The dashboard presents aggregated statistical information for 303 banks earmarked for resolution across the European Union (EU), based on data reported by resolution authorities and banks, covering both MREL decisions and resources.

Key findings

MREL requirements

As of 31 December 2025, the average external MREL binding requirement, including the combined buffer requirement (CBR), stood at:

• 28.9% of RWAs for global systemically important institutions (G-SIIs)
• 28.4% for top-tier and "fished" banks
• 24.6% for other banks

The average subordination requirement stood at 21.4% of RWAs for G-SIIs and 21.7% for top-tier/fished banks.

Composition of MREL resources

Banks primarily meet their requirements through own funds instruments, accounting for:

• 19.8% of RWAs for G-SIIs
• 21.5% for top tier/fished banks
• 21.9% for other banks

In terms of eligible liabilities:

• G-SIIs and top-tier/fished banks rely mainly on senior non-preferred debt (8.0% and 7.5% of RWAs, respectively) and senior unsecured debt (4.9% and 6.5% of RWAs, respectively)
• Other banks rely more on senior unsecured debt (6.3% of RWAs)

Rollover needs

MREL instruments set to become ineligible by December 2026, due to their residual maturity falling below one year, represent:

• 15.7% of total eligible instruments other than own funds for G-SIIs
• 20.9% for top-tier/fished banks
• 25.4% for other banks

Overall, this translates into EUR 231 billion in rollover needs over the next year. Further details on rollover needs are provided in the EBA Risk Assessment Report.

Bail-in remains the preferred resolution strategy in terms of RWAs (94%). In terms of the number of decisions, bail-in (52%) and transfer (48%) strategies remain broadly balanced. This reflects the tendency to favour transfer strategies for smaller banks, while bail-in remains the preferred option for larger institutions.

Note to the editors

The EBA publishes the MREL dashboard as part of its mandate under the Bank Recovery and Resolution Directive (BRRD) to monitor the setting of MREL by authorities and the build-up of related resources by institutions.

This edition of the dashboard is based on the new Implementing Technical Standards (ITS) on reporting of MREL decisions, which introduce a semi-annual reporting cycle, replacing the previous annual submission. The first reporting cycle under the revised ITS, reflected in this dashboard, covers MREL decisions applicable as of December 2025.

MREL is the requirement that ensures that relevant EU institutions have sufficient loss absorbing capacity to support the execution of the preferred resolution strategy in case of failure.

The BRRD set 1 January 2024 as a deadline to meet MREL requirements except for those banks that recently changed resolution strategy, or those eligible for an extension in accordance with Article 45m of the BRRD.

Top-Tier banks are resolution entities that are part of a resolution group the total assets of which exceed EUR 100 billion at resolution group level (Article 45c(5) of the BRRD). Fished banks are resolution entities that are part of a resolution group the total assets of which are lower than EUR 100 billion and which the resolution authority has assessed as reasonably likely to pose a systemic risk in the event of its failure (Article 45c(6) of the BRRD).

Further details are provided in the EBA report on convergence of supervisory practices for 2024.