New U.S. Chamber Report: Advanced Economies Face Challenges as Emerging Markets Strengthen IP Protections

WASHINGTON, D.C. - Today, the U.S. Chamber of Commerce released the 14^th edition of its annual International IP Index, a comprehensive assessment of intellectual property (IP) systems-the legal and policy structures that protect creations like inventions and artistic works-in 55 global economies. The Index evaluates economies representing over 90% of global GDP across 53 unique indicators to provide a roadmap to foster innovation, creativity, and economic growth. This year's findings reveal that many advanced economies are weakening their legal and regulatory frameworks governing IP, while emerging and middle-income economies are making notable progress.

"Intellectual property is the foundation of modern economies, driving innovation, creativity, and competitiveness," said Kelly Anderson, vice president of international policy at the U.S. Chamber's Global Innovation Policy Center. "The 2026 Index reveals a stark contrast: while some economies are leveraging IP to drive progress, others are undermining their own innovation ecosystems. The weakening of IP protections in traditionally strong economies threatens to normalize a global trend of diminished IP rights, creating uncertainty for businesses and innovators. Conversely, those that embrace robust IP frameworks are positioning themselves to lead in the next wave of global innovation and creativity. This year's report highlights the urgent need for policymakers to act decisively to strengthen IP frameworks and preserve this valuable economic engine."

Key Findings:

• Advanced Economies Faltering with Global IP Leadership at Risk: Eight EU member states experienced score declines due to policies that weaken IP protection and patent enforcement, discouraging investment in critical sectors like life sciences. Similarly, in the United States, new drug pricing policies and expanded interpretations of "march-in" rights under the 1980 Bayh-Dole Act, a law that allows universities, non-profits, and small businesses to retain ownership and patent rights of inventions created through federal funding, threaten the nation's leadership in biomedical innovation. The weakening of IP protections in traditionally strong economies risks setting a precedent that could undermine global IP standards.
• Emerging Economies Advancing: The United Arab Emirates, Ecuador, Malaysia, and Brunei achieved the largest score increases, reflecting deliberate reforms to modernize IP laws, strengthen enforcement, and join key international agreements.
• Trade and IP: IP-intensive sectors continue to underpin trusted trade relationships, accounting for 31% of U.S. services exports and supporting a $1.4 trillion surplus in services trade. However, many U.S. trading partners have yet to fully implement IP commitments under agreements like the U.S.-Mexico-Canada Agreement and the U.S.-China Phase One Agreement.
• Enforcement Challenges Persist: While some economies made strides in combating IP infringement, enforcement remains a significant challenge globally. The Index highlights the need for stronger enforcement mechanisms to protect IP rights and ensure a level playing field for innovators and creators.
• IP as a Driver of Growth: Economies with effective IP systems are more likely to attract venture capital, foster high-value job creation, and drive technological advancements. The Index demonstrates that economies prioritizing IP protections are better positioned to lead in areas like life sciences, artificial intelligence, and green technologies.

Click here to view the report.