Flood and coastal risk management: long-term investment scenarios

The long-term investment scenarios (LTIS) are an economic assessment showing what future flood and coastal erosion risk management (FCERM) could look like over the next 50 and 100 years in England. It explores what can be achieved for different levels of investment if you maximise the difference between benefits and costs. It describes outcomes in terms of reduced economic damages and wider benefits.

The study considers:

• future costs and benefits of managing flooding and coastal erosion
• climate change

LTIS does not assess where the funding would come from or which funding sources would be most appropriate.

The Environment Agency previously produced LTIS in 2014 and 2019. LTIS 2026 uses more sophisticated methods and takes account of the best available evidence, including the Environment Agency's National Flood Risk Assessment. It is therefore a significant step forward from previous LTIS studies.